Notgasse and Riesgasse

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Upper and lower Notgasse and Riesgasse
Notgasse Gröbming.jpg
location Dachstein massif , Styrian Salzkammergut , Austria
Area / extent 4.153 ha / 685 m
Identifier NDM No. 796 (St-GB-027); BDA 36239; HK 1545 / RZ1, RZ3
Geographical location 47 ° 29 '  N , 13 ° 48'  E Coordinates: 47 ° 28 '44 "  N , 13 ° 47' 51"  E
Notgasse and Riesgasse (Styria)
Notgasse and Riesgasse
Sea level from 1500 m to 1580 m
Setup date 1968
administration State of Styria / BH Liezen , Federal Monuments Office
particularities Geotope , listed building rock carvings in the Notgasse
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Notgasse and Riesgasse are a rock formation in the Dachstein massif in Styria . They have petroglyphs (rock carvings) and are part of the Hallstatt – Dachstein / Salzkammergut cultural landscape UNESCO World Heritage Site .

Location and landscape

Notgasse and Riesgasse are on the edge of the Dachstein plateau in the Kemet Mountains , 2½ kilometers northwest of the Stoderzinken and 3 kilometers south of the Hirzberg in the municipality of Gröbming . It is a hollow, dry gorge .

The Riesgasse stretches from the Lechnerwiese of the Brandalm to the southwest, then follows a flat surface and the Untere and Obere Notgasse , which then ends at the Große Wiesmahd of the Schildenwangalm about 1½ kilometers further. The structure overcomes a good 200 meters in altitude. The gorges are 20 to 30 m deep, some up to 60 m deep, 10-15 m wide at the top and 2-6 m wide at the base.

geology

Notgasse and Riesgasse are not a karst cart in the strict sense of the word , but a dry gorge that was cut into the mass of the banked Dachstein limestone by a torrent of melted water from the Dachstein glacier in the last Ice Age (late Gschnitz stage ; around 14,000 years ago) . There are still a number of partially overhanging Kolknischen .

In the upper Notgasse, on the left , there is a facies of oncoid-bearing limestone from the lagoon near the reef, so the gorge follows a structural gap. The uppermost end of the Notgasse is Pleistocene moraine , but above it is reef and reef rubble limestone; an old moraine can also be found at the bottom of the Lechnerwiese. In the Daun-Stadial (14,700 years ago) there was probably the last active glacier tongue (Wurzkargletscher) of the roof tile ice mass that gradually reduced to the plateau glacier . After the collapse of this ice flow, a gorge could form here, which is a good 500 meters above the other, older gorges on the south roof (such as the ovens below or the Silberkarklamm ).

Petroglyphs

Scratch drawing

A trail runs through Ries- and Notgasse to this day, coming from Gröbming over the Brandalm to the Schildenwangalm, or north over the Rotlacken towards Hochtischl , and then as the shortest connection to Aussee and Hallstatt. On the walls of the gorge there are numerous rock drawings that document the centuries of use of the path.

The Koln niches in particular have a thin sintered lime coating , which made it easier to create the scratch drawings. Some of them are badly weathered and mostly difficult to find, often close to the ground because the bottom of the gorge has increased significantly over the centuries due to sediments, some of them over a man's height and probably attached when there is high snowfall.

It is likely to be a kind of message from the Almer, Mäumer and maybe also smugglers, charcoal burners, hunters or poachers, probably protective and waymarks, maybe also personal signs, they can be found analogously throughout the Dachstein massif. A total of over 15 groups of drawings are known in Notgasse. The symbols themselves are largely unexplained unless they are clearly legible. Mostly it is simple geometry, such as crosses, triangles, ladders, wheels, pentagrams, but also more complex drawings, such as letters and numbers, a lot is illegible or possibly of natural origin. They were mentioned as early as 1902 by the mountain guide Josef Steiner, and are known from the monographs by Ernst Burgstaller (1972, recording Notgasse L. Lauth and E. Burgstaller 1961–1965, Riesgasse G. Graf 1966), Franz Mandl  (1966), Walter Modrijan ( 1978) and later research is well documented.

The oldest dated stone carving is from the early modern period from 1643, an age of up to 1200 years ( early / high medieval ) seems quite plausible, there have been repeated speculations about an even earlier origin, since prehistoric stray finds (Bronze Age-Celtic, Roman or Slavic) also in the high mountains are proven, but it is doubted - also due to the lack of verifiability. Old drawings were partially destroyed by scratches by tourists from the 1960s onwards.

Nature and monument protection

The rock formation was declared a natural monument in 1968/1972 ( NDM.796 "Obere and lower Notgasse" and "Riesgasse" , nature conservation book: St-GB-027 / Gröbming). The monument covers 4.153  hectares , from the top of the Obere Notgasse to about 100 m into Riesgasse. The petroglyphs were also placed under monument protection by decision of the Federal Monuments Office ( rock carvings in Notgasse , Gröbming ). They are also listed in the Austrian cave cadastre ( Notgasse 1545 / RZ1; Riesgasse 1545 / RZ3) and are therefore under protection.

The natural and cultural monument is located in the Europe and nature reserve Styrian Dachstein Plateau ( FFH area , AT2204000 / No. 19 ; NS 18 ) and the core zone of the UNESCO World Heritage area cultural landscape Hallstatt – Dachstein / Salzkammergut  ( WHS 806 ), the "natural landscape" as also honors “testimony of human activity”.

accessibility

The gorge was closed in the 1970s due to the preservation of monuments by the federal forests (as the landowner), it is rarely used and is quite impassable. The Gröbminger Land tourist association and the ANISA in Haus association offer guided hikes from the Brünnerhütte on the Stoderzinken, which are also recommended because the rock drawings are difficult to find.

literature

  • Ernst Burgstaller: Rock paintings in Austria. Linz 1972; later edition Felsbildmuseum Spital aP, 1989, there p. 144 ff.
  • E. Burgstaller, L. Lauth: Rock engravings in the Austrian Alpine countries. Yearbook of O ö. Museal Vereines , 110th Bd., Linz 1965, pp. 325–378 - First recording of Notgasse.
  • G. Graf: New scratch drawings in the eastern Dachstein area. In: Communication from the Ausseerland section , 5th year, Altaussee 1967, issue 3, pp. 34–36 - Discovery and recording of Riesgasse.
  • Franz Mandl: Dachstein- Four Millennia of Alms in the High Mountains , Volume 1, Association ANISA, Gröbming 1966, p. 151 and a .; Volume 2 ibid. 1998, p. 110.
  • Walter Modrijan: Grobming . The finds until late antiquity. In: Gerda Schwarz, Erwin Pochmarski (eds.): Classica et Provincialia. Festschrift Erna Diez , Graz 1978, pp. 125–140 - inclusion of writings

Web links

Commons : Notgasse Gröbming  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Gerhard W. Mandl (author chapter 2): Pilot project “Karstwasser Dachstein” . Volume 2: Karst hydrology and risk of contamination of springs . In: Geologische Bundesanstalt (Hrsg.): Archive for deposit research . tape 21 (= monographs volume 108 - M-108). Vienna 2001, 2.4 Geological natural monuments in the Dachstein region , 11. Notgasse and southwestern part of Riesgasse , p. 41 f . ( pdf , googledrive.com [accessed April 10, 2014]). pdf ( Memento of the original from April 13, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.googledrive.com
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h Entry on Notgasse in the Austria Forum  (in the Heimatlexikon)
  3. ↑ a b Austrian Geological Map 1: 50000 (GÖK 50) No. 127 Schladming
  4. ^ Josef Zötl: Hydrological investigations in the eastern Dachstein area. In: Communications of the natural science association for Styria. Volume 87, 1957, p. 185 (full article p. 182–205, PDF on ZOBODAT ).
  5. ↑ a b c on the name of the gorge as well as on the questionability of smuggling and similar traditions, see the Gröbminger [Heimat-] book, onA, quoted in Friedenskircherl : Geschicht über den Stoder , on bergrettung-groebming.at
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g Alfred Auer: The scratch marks in the Styrian Salzkammergut. In: The cave. 25, 1974, A. Kitz sign discovery sites in the Kammergebirge. 1. Notgasse (1545 / RZ1). P. 150; 3. Riesgasse (1545 / RZ3). P. 151; For dating the scratch marks. P. 154 f. (full article pp. 150–155, PDF on ZOBODAT ).
  7. ↑ The border controls between the Habsburg state aristocrat Salzkammergut and the Duchy of Styria were always relatively strict; especially salt was smuggled in one direction and Styrian iron in the other
  8. ↑ see Franz Mandl: Problems of Interpretation in Rock Art Research , 1st Northern Limestone Alps , June 2010 (on anisa.at)
  9. ^ Josef Steiner: Ennstaler walks . Grobming 1902.
  10. ↑ W. Ahrahamczik: Was the eastern part of the Dachstein plateau inhabited? In Archaeologia Austriaca , volume 42, Vienna 1967, pages 69-79.
  11. ^ Ordinance of the BH Liezen of September 8, 1972, published in the Grazer Zeitung of August 31, 1968 (Zl. 7 N 3 / 5-1972); Decision from the Gröbming Expositur from September 24, 2010 (GZ 6.0-43 / 2008).
  12. ↑ The European and nature reserve includes the whole of the Brandner Primeval Forest to the south , the World Heritage area has a narrow extension to the south, which contains the Notgasse and then extends to the Brünnerhütte, the Riesgasse falls into the buffer zone.
  13. ↑ Felsritzbilder - guided hike through the Notgasse in the UNESCO World Heritage Site , schladming-dachstein.at;
    Notgassenwanderung , on bergfex.at
  14. ^ According to Richard Pittioni: Archaeologia austriaca , editions 61-64, 1977, p. 144