Oleksandr Pol

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Oleksandr Pol

Oleksandr Mykolajowytsch Pol ( Ukrainian Олександр Миколайович Поль , Russian Александр Николаевич Поль Alexander Nikolayevich pole ; born August 20 . Jul / 1. September  1832 greg. In Malooleksandriwka , yekaterinoslav governorate , Russian Empire , † July 26 jul. / 7. August  1890 Greg. Yekaterinoslav , Yekaterinoslav Gouvernement, Russian Empire) was a Ukrainian- Russian geologist , ethnographer , archaeologist and businessman.

Life

Oleksandr Pol came as the son of a German-Baltic aristocratic father and a mother from the Cossack family of the hetman Pavlo Polubotok in what is now the village of Poliwske ( Полівське , today part of the municipality of Maloolexandriwka, Verkhnyodniprovsk district in the Ukrainian Oblast of Dnipropetrov ).

Pol obtained his university entrance qualification in 1850 at the governorate grammar school in Poltava and then studied at one of the best universities in the empire, the Imperial University of Dorpat , Livonia governorate in what is now Tartu . He graduated in 1854 with a degree as a lawyer and candidate in diplomatic sciences . After completing his studies, he settled on his family estate in 1854.

From then on, in addition to his political commitment - he was elected member of the Yekaterinoslav Governorate in Saint Petersburg - he devoted himself to local history and archeology as well as ethnographic studies. He collected and systematized the objects found during his archaeological expeditions so that he came to a large collection of antiquities from the Stone , Bronze and Iron Ages . His collection also contained artifacts from the Zaporozhian Cossacks and finds from ancient Greek settlements and Scythian burial mounds . Shortly before his death, British experts estimated the value of his antique collection and wanted to buy it for 100,000 silver dollars. Pol wanted to keep them in his home country and so most of his collection came to the Yekaterinoslav Historical Museum , which was then named after him. Pol was an expert on Ukrainian history and was known as a serious scientist among historians and archaeologists. Among other things, he was a full member of the Society for History and Classical Studies in Odessa from 1870 , published scientific articles and took part in archaeological congresses.

In 1866, during archaeological research in the Saksahan floodplains , he unexpectedly came across exposed layers of iron ore on the right bank of the river near the village of Kryvyi Rih .

In 1873 he founded the “Society of Krivoy Roger Erzes”, which operated professional ore mining and thus led to the growth and prosperity of the city of Krywyj Rih. In 1874 the ore deposits were largely explored, and by 1883 100 workers were already mining 1.5 million poods (1 pud = 16.36 kilograms) of ore in the Saksahan mine .

Before the opening of the Katharinenbahn , the mined ore was almost not transported away, but stored, so that between 1881 and 1883 only 83,000 poods and in the year the railway line opened, 2.1 million puds of iron ore were transported from the Krywbass .

In 1890, the Kryvbass took the first place in iron ore mining in the Russian Empire and the Katharinenbahn took the first place in terms of traffic. In 1902, just 10 years after Oleksandr Pol's death, there were already 79 mines in Krywbass.

Ukrainian postcard from 2007 in memory of Oleksandr Pol

Honors

Web links

Commons : Oleksandr Pol  - Collection of Images

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Oleksandr Mykolajowytsch Pol on dnipro.libr.dp.ua ; accessed on March 31, 2018 (Ukrainian)
  2. ↑ a b c d Entry on Oleksandr Pol in the Encyclopedia of the History of Ukraine ; accessed on March 31, 2018 (Ukrainian)
  3. ↑ a b c d e History of the city of Kryvyi Rih, article on Oleksandr Pol on the website of the city of Kryvyi Rih from December 27, 2010; accessed on March 31, 2018 (Russian)
  4. ↑ Basic dates of the life and activities of Oleksandr Pol on the city's official website; accessed on March 31, 2018 (Russian)
  5. ^ History of the City of Dnipro - Oleksandr Pol on the city's official website; accessed on March 31, 2018 (Russian)
personal data
SURNAME Pol, Oleksandr
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Pol, Oleksandr Mykolajowytsch (full name); Поль, Олександр Миколайович (Ukrainian); Поль, Александр Николаевич (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Ukrainian-Russian geologist, ethnographer, archaeologist and businessman
DATE OF BIRTH September 1, 1832
PLACE OF BIRTH Malooleksandriwka , Yekaterinoslav Governorate , Russian Empire
DATE OF DEATH August 7, 1890
Place of death Yekaterinoslav , Yekaterinoslav Governorate, Russian Empire