Orange-red hay moth

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Orange-red hay moth
Colias myrmidone, orig. figure from Esper, -1777-, pl. 65.jpeg

Orange-red hay butterfly ( Colias myrmidone )

Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Family : Whitelings (Pieridae)
Subfamily : Yellowlings (Coliadinae)
Genre : Colias
Type : Orange-red hay moth
Scientific name
Colias myrmidone
( Esper , 1780)
Orange-red haymoth male

The orange-red hay butterfly or Regensburg yellow fling ( Colias myrmidone ) is a butterfly from the family of white flies (Pieridae) in the subfamily of yellow flies . The specific epithet is derived from the Myrmidons , a Thessalian tribe from Greek mythology .

features

The orange-red hay moth has a wingspan of 44 to 50 millimeters, with the moth being the second. Generation are often slightly larger than those of the first generation. The upper side of the wings of the males is brightly orange-yellow and has a dark edge that is not pollinated. The dark edge is narrower on the hind wings and not broken through by veins (in contrast to Colias crocea ). The upper side of the wings of the females is orange-yellow to greenish-white ( C. myrmidone f. Alba ) and has a dark, dusted edge. On the hind wings, the spots of the submarginal region often form a continuous band.

In both sexes there is a red spot in the cell on the underside of the hind wing, the underside of the forewing has faint black spots in the post-disk region .

Similar species

Occurrence

The orange-red haymoth is widespread from western Asia via southern Russia , Romania , Hungary to Austria and eastern and south-eastern Germany . The westernmost place of discovery is the Jura near Regensburg in Germany. Most of the sites in Bavaria (e.g. Munich-Moosbach, Kirchseeon , Garchinger Heide ) have been extinct since the middle of the 20th century .

The species was widespread in Austria and occurred in the federal states of Burgenland , Lower Austria , Styria , Upper Austria and Vienna , individual finds also in Tyrol and Carinthia . In 2005 the orange-red hay butterfly was listed as critically endangered in Austria's Red List. It is now assumed that the species became extinct due to the destruction of its habitats in Austria.

The eastern populations (e.g. in Ukraine ) belong to the subspecies C. myrmidone ermak (Grum Grshimailo, 1890).

Way of life

The orange-red hay butterfly caterpillar lives on Regensburg dwarf gorse ( Chamaecytisus ratisbonensis ) and head dwarf gorse ( Chamaecytisus supinus ).

Flight and caterpillar times

The moth flies in two generations in May and July to August.

Hazard and protection

The orange-red haymoth is listed throughout the European Union (EU27) in the highest risk category "critically endangered" (CR).

In Germany the species is also listed under "critically endangered", in Bavaria the orange-red hay butterfly is already extinct.

Austria still lists the species in the Red List (2005) under “threatened with extinction”, but it is currently (as of 2012) that the species has also become extinct here in the meantime.

Switzerland lies beyond the western limit of distribution of the orange-red hay butterfly, which is why the species is not mentioned in the Red List of butterflies and rams in Switzerland (2014).

Due to the rapid population decline and the classification in the highest risk category, the European Union published the "Action Plan for the Conservation of the Danube Clouded Yellow Colias myrmidone in the European Union" in 2012 , in which for all EU states that live in natural The area of ​​distribution of the orange-red haymoth is, instructions for action have been formulated to restore the habitats for the species and then to be able to reintroduce it. It is up to the individual EU states to implement the improvement measures according to this plan.

The orange-red haymoth is listed in the Fauna-Flora-Habitat Directive (92/43 / EEC) in appendix II and IV. Due to the listing in Appendix II, the EU member states must ensure the continued existence or the restoration of a favorable conservation status of the habitats of the species in their natural range by designating and managing Natura 2000 protected areas for this species (Articles 3 and 6). In addition, the listing of the orange-red hay butterfly in Annex IV means that the EU member states have to take the necessary measures to introduce a strict protection system for the species in its range, which includes all deliberate forms of capture or killing, and any deliberate disturbance and prohibits any damage to or destruction of breeding sites or resting places (Article 12).

The conservation status of the orange-red haymoth is given by Romania as “insufficient” and Poland , Slovenia , Slovakia , the Czech Republic and Hungary as “bad” (as of February 28, 2014). In Lithuania , the conservation status is unknown, the EU states Germany and Austria , which are in the natural range of the species, have not submitted an assessment.

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Arnold Spuler: The butterflies of Europe . tape 1 . E. Schweitzerbartsche Verlagbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 1908, p. 10 .
  2. ^ A b Lionel G. Higgins, Norman D. Rilley: The butterflies of Europe and Northwest Africa (A Field Guide to the Butterflies of Britain and Europe). Paul Parey Publishing House, 1971, ISBN 3-490-02418-4 .
  3. ↑ Ludwig Osthelder, The Butterflies of Southern Bavaria , supplement to the 15th year of the Munich Entomological Society
  4. ↑ a b c d MARHOUL, P. & DOLEK, M. (2012): Action Plan for the Conservation of the Danube Clouded Yellow Colias myrmidone in the European Union, April 13, 2012, European Commission, 36 pp.
  5. ↑ MEIER, HG (1963): Contribution to Lepidopterenfauna the Upper Mur valley of Styria and Lungau (Salzburg) - butterflies, Naturwissenschaftlicher Association for Styria, p. 242-273.
  6. ↑ a b HÖTTINGER, H. & PENNERSTORFER, J. (2005): Red List of Day Butterflies Austria, in: Federal Ministry for Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management (ed., 2005): Red Lists of Endangered Animals Austria, Volume 14 / 1, 407 pp.
  7. ↑ Anja Freese et al., Biology, distribution and extinction of Colias myrmidone (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) in Bavaria and its situation in other European countries , Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, 38: 51-58, 1999 (2005)
  8. ↑ www.tagschmetterlinge.de [1]
  9. ↑ VAN SWAAY, C., CUTTELOD, A., COLLINS, S., MAES, D., LÓPEZ MUNGUIRA, M., ŠAŠIĆ, M., SETTELE, J., VEROVNIK, R., VERSTRAEL, T., WARREN, M., WIEMERS, M. & WYNHOFF, I. (2010): European Red List of Butterflies, European Union, IUCN, ISBN 978-92-79-14151-5 , 60 pp.
  10. ↑ PRETSCHER, P. (1998): Red List of Large Butterflies (Macrolepidoptera), in: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (1998): Red List of Endangered Animals in Germany, p. 94-97.
  11. ↑ BOLZ, R. & GEYER, A. (2003): Red List of Threatened butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) of Bavaria, Bavarian State Office for the Environment
  12. ↑ Bavarian State Ministry for the Environment, Health and Consumer Protection (ed., 2005): Red List of Endangered Animals and Vascular Plants in Bavaria, 183 pp.
  13. ↑ WERMEILLE, E., CHITTARO, Y. & GONSETH, Y. (2014): Red List Butterflies and Widderchen, Endangered Species in Switzerland, as of 2012, Federal Office for the Environment and Swiss Center for the Cartography of Fauna, Environmental Enforcement No. 1403, 97 pp.
  14. ↑ European Topic Center on Biological Diversity (2014): Species assessments at EU biogeographical level, reporting period 2007-2012, accessed on July 5, 2014.

Web links

Commons : Orange-red hay butterfly ( Colias myrmidone )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files