Pancalia schwarzella
| Pancalia schwarzella | ||||||||||||
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Pancalia schwarzella |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Pancalia schwarzella | ||||||||||||
| ( Fabricius , 1789) |
Pancalia black ella is a butterfly ( moth ) from the family of cosmopterigidae (Cosmopterigidae).
features
The moths reach a wingspan of 11 to 16 millimeters. The antennae shine bronze-brown and have no white segments in the males. In females, the antennae are about twice as thick in the middle as at the base. A subapical section consists of about five white segments, followed by a bronze-brown apical section of about 15 segments. The forewings are yellowish brown to orange brown. The first costal spot is fused with the first dorsal spot and forms a slanting inward, pale gold-shining band that does not reach the inner edge of the wing. The third dorsal spot runs obliquely outwards.
In the males, the left valve is one and a half times as wide as the left and a little longer. It has a straight ventral edge. The left valvella is wide and more than half as long and wide as the left valve. The right valvella is shorter and slimmer. The aedeagus is curved and gradually tapers distally to a sharp point.
In the female, the sterigma is large and square with rounded corners. The posterior part of the ductus bursae is slender and more than twice as wide near the corpus bursae . The corpus bursae is elongated and has two well-developed signs.
Similar species
The distinguishing features of the similar species Pancalia nodosella and Pancalia baldizzonella are described in the respective article.
distribution
Pancalia schwarzella is widespread in Europe, with the exception of the southeast. In southern Europe , the species occurs mainly in mountainous regions up to an altitude of 2600 meters. In the east the distribution area extends over the mountains of Central Asia , Siberia and Transbaikalia to Kamchatka .
biology
The caterpillars develop on rough violets ( Viola hirta ) and dog violets ( Viola canina ). Little is known about the first stages, but it is believed that a development similar to that of Pancalia leuwenhoekella takes place. Information from older literature cannot be used here, as Pancalia schwarzella was previously considered by various authors to be a form of Pancalia leuwenhoekella and it is therefore not clear which species it is in the description of the biology. The moths fly from the end of April to mid-June, at higher altitudes until the end of July. They are active both early in the morning and in the afternoon on sunny days, visiting flowers of dandelion ( Taraxacum ), hawkweed ( Hieracium ), daisy ( Bellis perennis) , common horn clover ( Lotus corniculatus ), wild strawberries and other plants.
Systematics
The following synonyms are known from the literature:
- Tinea schwarzella Fabricius , 1798
- Pancalia latreillella Curtis , 1830
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d J. C. Koster, S. Yu. Sinev: Momphidae, Batrachedridae, Stathmopodidae, Agonoxenidae, Cosmopterigidae, Chrysopeleiidae . In: P. Huemer, O. Karsholt, L. Lyneborg (eds.): Microlepidoptera of Europe . 1st edition. tape 5 . Apollo Books, Stenstrup 2003, ISBN 87-88757-66-8 , pp. 94 (English).
- ↑ Karl Traugott Schütze: The biology of the small butterflies with special consideration of their nutrient plants and times of appearance. Handbook of Microlepidoptera. Caterpillar calendar arranged according to the illustrated German Flora by H. Wagner. Frankfurt am Main, publishing house of the International Entomological Association e. V., 1931, p. 142
Web links
- Lepiforum e. V. - Taxonomy and photos
- Guide to the moths of Great Britain and Ireland. Pancalia schwarzella. Ian Kimber, accessed November 30, 2011 .