comrade
A comrade (from Old High German : ginoz - someone who enjoys something with someone else, has usufruct ) is a companion (comrade in arms, confederate, contemporary ...), i.e. someone with whom one had shared a common experience in a certain area, who had the same goals and can therefore be relied on.
The term "comrade" in the German-speaking area
Political importance in left parties
In the policy , especially in social democratic , socialist and communist parties, trade unions and anarchist organizations, members and activists often referred to as "comrades" and "comrades", and name terms . The use of the term comrade as a political form of address goes back to the establishment of the Socialist Workers' Party (SAP).
Armed organs
In the GDR , the designation “Comrade” or “Comrade” was used in the SED as well as the official form of address for members of the armed organs in connection with the rank (for example Comrade Major ). This address as a comrade also existed in the armed organs of the USSR and the other Eastern bloc states.
Political significance in the NSDAP
The NSDAP changed the word to "party member" (abbreviated "Pg.") And " Volksgenosse " from.
Importance in commercial law
In German commercial law , the members of a cooperative were referred to as "comrades" until 2006 .
Importance in hunting law
The owners of agricultural, forestry and water management properties are referred to as hunting companions , insofar as the hunt is not based on these or they represent a private hunting district .
Meaning and use in non-German language areas
In the English-speaking world and in most of the Romance languages , the corresponding member designation for the German term Comrade is derived from the Latin word " camera " (German: room) within political organizations of the left spectrum . The meaning and the color of the sound conveyed by the user differ from language to language due to the different national developments and experiences of socialist and social democratic currents.
The English language knows the term comrade (literally German: comrade). It can also be used there in a military sense, but mostly serves as a politicized form of address.
The Dutch language knows the name kameraad (German: Kamerad, Kumpel). It can be used in this original sense, but also serves as a politicized form of address.
In parallel, the French camarade is derived from the same Latin root. From the point of view of the labor movement, the origin of the term in its political meaning is linked to the rejection of feudal and bourgeois manners such as madame, monsieur or mademoiselle and the search for a replacement with greater egalitarian expressiveness. In the political culture of France, this form of address is used more frequently in the Communist Party and in communist currents today than in the Socialist Party .
Also in Spanish and Portuguese are each camarada familiar, but has in Latin America, particularly influenced by the Cuban Revolution, the Spanish phrase compañero / compañera and Portuguese-speaking Brazil in the Brazilian Workers' Party ( Partido dos Trabalhadores ) companheiro / companheira enforced.
Italian is an exception . Here compagno corresponds to the German word comrade . Camerata, on the other hand, determined personal interaction in the fascist movement and later dictatorship and is still used today in self-claimed successor organizations.
In the Hungarian language , the equivalent of Elvtár was the official form of address during the communist era. It means something like "person who shares the same principles". Elv = principle, Társ = person.
The Hebrew equivalent of “Comrade” Chawér , Hebrew חברis ambiguous. The word is also used in the sense of "member" (of a party, a parliament, etc.) and primarily means "friend".
See also
literature
- Herbert Bartholmes: brother, citizen, friend, comrade and other words in socialist terminology - contributions to the history of words . Peter Hammer, Wuppertal 1970.
- Comrade, comrade. In: Jacob Grimm , Wilhelm Grimm (Hrsg.): German dictionary . tape 5 : Gefoppe – Drifts - (IV, 1st section, part 2). S. Hirzel, Leipzig 1897, Sp. 3437-3482 ( woerterbuchnetz.de ).
