Passover mystery

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Adoration of the Lamb ( Jan van Eyck , Ghent Altarpiece , 15th century)

With paschal mystery ( Latin mysterium paschale , Paschal Mystery ' , from ancient Greek πάσχα pás-cha , Easter' and μυστήριον Mysterion 'secret') the newer referred Catholic theology the unity of suffering, crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead and his ascension and Exaltation and its visualization in the liturgy .

"The early Christian Easter celebration as a whole is the feast of redemption through the death and exaltation of the Lord, that is, the celebration of Oikonomia , God's plan of salvation with people"; it includes the Pentecost event with the spiritual sending . The concept of the Paschal mystery played an important role in the renewal of Easter theology by the Second Vatican Council and became a key concept in the Liturgy Constitution Sacrosanctum Concilium (1963): “In the liturgy, especially in the holy sacrifice of the Eucharist , takes place the work of our redemption , and so it contributes in the highest measure to the fact that the life of the believers becomes the expression and revelation of the mystery of Christ and of the very essence of the true church. ”In this mystery Jesus Christ“ destroyed our death and died created life anew through his resurrection ”.

Content of the term

Bible and Theology

As a devout Jew, Jesus of Nazareth celebrated the Passover meal with his apostles on the eve of his arrest and execution , at which the Jews commemorate the liberation of the Israelites from Egyptian slavery in their exodus from Egypt . The Passover is used in Ex 12.1–20  EU as God's commandment . The focus of the Seder celebration is the food of the Passover lamb. At this meal at the beginning of the feast of Passover, the Last Supper , Jesus gave bread and wine as a sign of his abiding presence in the Eucharist .

After its experience of the death and resurrection of Jesus, the Christian community saw in Jesus himself the "true Passover sacrifice"; the flawless lamb sacrificed in Passover becomes a symbol of the redeeming devotion of Jesus: “Christ was sacrificed as our Passover lamb ” ( 1 Cor 5,7  EU ; Joh 1,36  EU and 19,36 EU ).

“Paschal mystery” becomes “to a certain extent a short formula for God's self-communication” in the entire history of salvation . The creation and the history of the people of Israel are already seen from the perspective of Jesus Christ, and the interpretation extends to the eschatological perfection of the world. The centerpiece is the “culmination” of the Paschal mystery in the suffering, death, resurrection and glorification of Christ. God's saving act has its permanent center in Christ's death and resurrection. The church grows out of Easter, the Passover event . Christians are " inserted into the Paschal mystery through baptism " (paschali Christi mysterio inseruntur) , preferably on Easter vigil . To identify the phase of the healing action of God between the spirit transmission to Pentecost and the Parousia is Paschal mystery a "keyword" ( Angelus A. Häußling ).

liturgy

In the liturgical year "the celebration of the Passover mystery [...] is the outstanding moment of the Christian cult, namely in its daily, weekly and annual sequence". It is logical that in the Holy Week of the Liturgical calendar that "in the course of the excited by Vatican II reform Holy Week " is that the Easter Sunday includes; the Triduum Sacrum now again denotes, as in the early church, the time from Maundy Thursday evening , Good Friday and Holy Saturday to Easter Sunday.

The Passover mystery is brought to mind and celebrated in every Holy Mass . The liturgy of Holy Mass, which was renewed in 1970, moved the insert “Mysterium fidei” (“Mystery of Faith”, 1 Tim 3,9  EU and 3,16 EU ) from the chalice word of the institution report in the Eucharistic prayer to the end of the institution report. To the call of the deacon or priest “Mystery of the Faith!” The assembled congregation now replies with the acclamation newly inserted into the liturgy : “We proclaim your death, O Lord, and we praise your resurrection until you come in glory” ( cf. 1 Cor 11 : 23-26  EU ).

The Pascha mystery centrally determines the annual Easter celebration on the Easter triduum (" Annual Easter"), but also all festivals and memorial days of the church year and especially every Sunday , the "Resurrection Day" or "Lord's Day" as "Week Easter". Sunday becomes the “foundation and core of the whole liturgical year”.

Concept history

The theological idea of ​​“Mysterium paschale” was rediscovered by the Maria Laacher Benedictine Odo Casel and taken up and developed by the Second Vatican Council. Casel had researched the ancient term μυστήριον mystérion , Latin sacramentum , religious-historical in the Greek environment and among the Christian church fathers and developed it for theology and liturgy; He saw the Christian liturgy as an “objective, external celebration of the Christian mysteries”, Christian mysticism is based “on the redeeming act of Christ that takes place in the liturgy”: “In every celebration of the Mass, the redeeming act of Christ, the Paschal mystery, mystically takes place -symbolic. Every Sunday […] became a little Easter. Once a year Christians celebrated the event of their redemption in a particularly haunting and magnificent way, around the time of the Passover, when the anniversary of the death of Christ. [...] The focus of this sacramenta Paschalia , the Easter mysteries, form the death and resurrection of Christ, Cross Easter ( πάσχα σταυρώσιμον Pasha staurōsimon ) and resurrection Easter ( πάσχα ἀναστάσιμον Pasha anastásimon ) "; to fit in a particular way, that since the early Church, especially in the Easter Vigil , the baptism will be donated and the catechumens "take sacramentally for the first time in the mysteries of the Lord proportion". The French Auxiliary Bishop Henri-Martin Félix Jenny (1904–1982, Archbishop of Cambrai from 1966 ) introduced the aspect to the work of the Preparatory Liturgy Commission of the Council, which made the idea of ​​the Paschal mystery a key concept for the liturgical theological foundation of the liturgical constitution.

literature

  • Odo Casel OSB: The liturgy as a celebration of mysteries. (Ecclesia orans, 9th volume), Herder & Co., Freiburg 1923.
  • Odo Casel OSB: Type and meaning of the oldest Christian Easter celebration. In: Yearbook for liturgical science. 14/1934, pp. 1-78.
  • Günter Duffrer : Paschal mystery and liturgical piety. In: Liturgical Yearbook. 16/1966, pp. 27-37.
  • Bertram Stubenrauch : Paschal Mystery . In: Walter Kasper (Ed.): Lexicon for Theology and Church . 3. Edition. tape 7 . Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1998, Sp. 1410 f .
  • Angelus A. Häussling: “Pascha Mysterium”. Critical to a contribution in the third edition of the 'Lexicon for Theology and Church'. In: Archives for Liturgy Science (ALW) 41 (1999), pp. 157–165.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Odo Casel OSB: Type and meaning of the oldest Christian Easter celebration. In: Yearbook for liturgical science. 14/1934, pp. 1–78, here p. 46.48.
  2. ↑ SC 2 [1] ; Martin Klöckener: Celebration of the Passover mystery of Jesus Christ. In: Swiss Church Newspaper. 38/2003.
  3. ↑ Easter Preface , quoted in SC 5th
  4. ↑ Bertram Stubenrauch: Pascha Mysterium . In: Walter Kasper (Ed.): Lexicon for Theology and Church . 3. Edition. tape 7 . Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1998, Sp. 1410 f .
  5. ↑ Martin Klöckener: Celebration of the Passover mystery of Jesus Christ. In: Swiss Church Newspaper. 38/2003 ; Adolf Adam , Rupert Berger : Pastoral liturgical hand dictionary. Herder Verlag, Freiburg 1980, p. 401.
  6. ↑ SC 6
  7. ↑ Angelus A. Häußling, quoted in: Reiner Kaczynski; Theological commentary on the constitution on the sacred liturgy 'Sacrosanctum Concilium' . In: Peter Hünermann, Bernd Jochen Hilberath (Eds.): Herder's Theological Commentary on the Second Vatican Council Volume 2. Herder, Freiburg -Basel - Vienna 2004, ISBN 3-451-28531-2 , pp. 1–227, here pp. 63.
  8. ↑ Paul VI. : Mysterii paschalis , February 14, 1969: "Mysterii paschalis celebrationem potissimum habere in religioso christianorum cultu momentum, eandemque per dierum, hebdomadarum totiusque anni explicari cursum, dilucide sacrosancto Concilio Vaticano II docemur." ( [2] )
  9. ↑ Hansjörg Auf der Maur : Celebrating in the rhythm of time I. Men's festivals in the week and year. Regensburg 1983, p. 129.
  10. ↑ SC 102.106.
  11. ↑ Hansjörg Auf der Maur: Celebrating in the rhythm of time I. Gentlemen's festivals in the week and year. Regensburg 1983, p. 129; Bertram Stubenrauch: Paschal Mystery . In: Walter Kasper (Ed.): Lexicon for Theology and Church . 3. Edition. tape 7 . Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1998, Sp. 1410 f .
  12. ↑ Odo Casel OSB: The liturgy as a celebration of mysteries. Herder & Co., Freiburg 1923, p. 74 ff.
  13. ↑ Reiner Kaczynski: Theological commentary on the constitution on the sacred liturgy 'Sacrosanctum Concilium' . In: Peter Hünermann, Bernd Jochen Hilberath (Eds.): Herder's Theological Commentary on the Second Vatican Council Volume 2. Herder, Freiburg / Basel / Vienna 2004, ISBN 3-451-28531-2 , pp. 1–227, here pp. 63. See also SC 6.61.104.106.107.109 .