Passo di Fraele
| Passo di Fraele | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Compass direction | North | south | |
| Pass height | 1955 m slm | ||
| province | Sondrio , Italy | ||
| Watershed | Aqua dell Gallo , Spöl , Inn | Adda | |
| Valley locations | Bormio | ||
| expansion | Road from Valdidentro | ||
| map | |||
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| Coordinates | 46 ° 33 '11 " N , 10 ° 15' 9" E | ||
The Passo di Fraele (German: Fraelepass ) is a 1955 m high, on the Italian side, passable up to the top of the mountain pass near the border between Switzerland and Italy . It connects the Valle di Fraele (the uppermost Addatal ) on the Italian side with the Galltal , a side valley of the Spöltal , and over the Passo Val Mora with the Val Mora on the Swiss side.
geography
The Passo di Fraele is located in the Italian province of Sondrio , south of the state border with the Swiss canton of Graubünden and connects the Ofenpass road over the Val Mora with the Italian Valle di Fraele and further with Bormio . It is the only pass on the main Alpine ridge between Reschen and Maloja with a peak height of less than 2000 meters, which makes it suitable for a continuation of the route from the Addatal into the Inn Valley , or towards the Rhine Valley . Due to its topography, the Fraelepass should therefore be one of the most important passes in the Alps. However, there is no connection from Graubünden via the Fraele to the Valtellina , but only a road coming from the southeast and ending in the pass area to the surrounding power stations. To the northwest, the narrow gorge southwest of the Munt la Schera makes it difficult to build roads, but there has been a path along the Spöl River since ancient times, which was described as a bridle path by Carl Ulysses von Salis in 1807.
history
From the 15th to the 17th century, at least part of the then regional inner-Alpine cattle and goods traffic passed over the Fraelepass. This led from Davos over the Scalettapass and Pass Chaschauna to Livigno and from there over the Alpisella and Fraelepass to the Valtellina Addastraße , from which numerous pass paths into Venetian territory could be walked .
The ruins of an old fortress, which is halfway over a slope, remind of this former importance. From two old towers at the end of the ascent, the pass path to Bormio could be easily controlled. In October 1634 soldiers crossed the Fraelepass and in Val Fraele the troops of Duke Heinrich von Rohan defeated the Austro-Spanish troops.
In the 18th century, the Fraelepass completely lost its importance, which was not of great importance anyway. Short-term plans for the construction of a drivable road were soon abandoned, it first required the water energy industry, which required factory roads for power plants in this area, as well as the military, who laid out some roads here since the First World War. There was also an old trade route from Santa Maria Val Müstair that leads through the Val Mora over the Passo Val Mora to the Fraelepassweg. From Alp Mora on the Grisons side there is an old path over the Döss dal Termel (2324 m) that leads to the Ofen Pass.
Streets
For the first construction of a hydroelectric power station, a road was laid over the Fraelepass from 1926 to 1927. For the construction of the Cancano dam, a works road was built over the Passo Torri di Fraele in the years after the Second World War , which was extended beyond the Passo di Fraele. This pass road for transporting the building material was a special feature during the power plant construction, as it was the only road in the high Alps that had an overhead line for operating electric trucks. It led to Tirano train station, about 50 km away . In the course of the road, the Passo Torri di Fraele is crossed by a short crest tunnel, after the road to the ascent goes through 17 tightly stacked bends. There is also a direct, but very steep, connection from Lago di Cancano to Bormio, which is now used as a hiking trail.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Steffan Bruns: Alpine passes - history of the alpine pass crossings. From the Inn to Lake Garda . 1st edition. tape 3 . L. Staackmann Verlag, Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-88675-273-7 , p. 101 .