Spöl

Spöl Italian part earlier: Aqua Granda
The confluence of the Spöl with the Lago di Livigno, near Livigno, looking south
Data
Water code	CH : 50
location	Province of Sondrio - Canton of Graubünden , Livigno Alps
River system	Danube
Drain over	Inn  → Danube  → Black Sea
source	in the Val Ursera above the Forcola di Livigno in the municipality of Poschiavo 46 ° 25 ′ 34 ″  N , 10 ° 4 ′ 4 ″  E
Source height	2637  m above sea level M.
muzzle	Inn near Zernez Coordinates: 46 ° 41 ′ 38 "  N , 10 ° 5 ′ 19"  E ; CH1903:  802 662  /  174819 46 ° 41 '38 "  N , 10 ° 5' 19"  O
Mouth height	1470  m above sea level M.
Height difference	1167 m
Bottom slope	28 ‰
length	42 km
Catchment area	433.64 km²
Discharge at the Punt da Gall A Eo gauge : 295 km²	NNQ (March 2013) MNQ 1974–2016 MQ 1974–2016 Mq 1974–2016 MHQ 1974–2016 HHQ (July 2010)	330 l / s 910 l / s 1.04 m³ / s 3.5 l / (s km²) 1.2 m³ / s 70.3 m³ / s
Drain	MQ	10.8 m³ / s
Left tributaries	Federia, Ova da Cluozza
Right tributaries	Tresenda, Vallaccia, Ova dal Gall , Ova dal Fuorn , Ova Spin, Ova da Laschadura
Reservoirs flowed through	Lake Livigno , Lai dad Ova Spin
Communities	Livigno

The Spöl ( dt. And advises. , In the Italian -speaking Spöl or Spol written and earlier Aquagranda called) is a 42 km long river in Italy and in Switzerland . His valley is called Val dal Spöl in Romansh .

course

The Spöl rises just under Swiss territory in Val Ursera above the Forcola di Livigno in the western Livigno Alps , flows through Livigno and flows into the Inn at Zernez . On this way it crosses the reservoirs Lago di Livigno and Lai dad Ova Spin and flows partly in the area of ​​the Swiss National Park .

The upper course runs in the wide, partly flat valley floor of a trough valley formed by Ice Age glaciers , whereas the second half of its course runs almost exclusively in impassable gorges. The upper valley with the elongated town of Livigno has always been much easier to reach from the south via the easily passable Forcola di Livigno than from the Inn valley, which is also reflected in the fact that the upper valley belongs to Italy. Over the steep northern valley slopes of the Unterlauf, the Ofenpass road leads east to Val Müstair and to South Tyrol .

Mud flood in May 2013

Due to an incident at the Engadine power plants , aided by the unusually low water level in Lago di Livigno, the Spöl stream below the Punt dal Gall dam up to the Ova Spin equalization basin was covered with mud for a length of around six kilometers . Thousands of brown trout and other aquatic life perished. In the upper third of the affected stretch, practically all animals perished, while further down some animals were able to save themselves in side streams or in the Lai dad Ova Spin. The streambed was cleared of mud the following summer by means of an artificial flood. Such floods have been caused twice a year since the year 2000 in order to loosen the solidified river bed and to create a suitable underground for the trout to spawn. A little more than a year after the incident, the brown trout population had recovered significantly, but was still only half as large as before the fish deaths.

Web links

Commons : Spöl  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} Geoserver of the Swiss Federal Administration ( information )
2. ↑ Geoportale Nazionale
3. ↑ Topographical catchment areas of Swiss waters: sub-catchment areas 2 km². Retrieved June 9, 2019 . 
4. ↑ Punt da Gall monitoring station 1974–2016 (PDF) Federal Office for the Environment FOEN
5. ^ Hydrological Atlas of Switzerland of the Federal Office for the Environment FOEN, Table_54
6. ↑ ( page no longer available , search in web archives: livigno.eu )
7. ↑ Bach was considered an example of the compatibility of electricity production and nature. In: Tagesanzeiger. Retrieved April 1, 2013.
8. ↑ Lukas Denzler: The trout are coming back . In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung . No. 138 , June 18, 2014, p. 55 .