Lai dad Ova Spin
| Lai dad Ova Spin | |||||||||
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 Estuary of the Ova Spin. Right hand weir, hidden. |
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| Coordinates | 807 969 / 172541 | ||||||||
| Data on the structure | |||||||||
| Lock type: | Dam wall | ||||||||
| Construction time: | 1968 | ||||||||
| Height of the barrier structure : | 73 m | ||||||||
| Height above valley floor: | n | ||||||||
| Height above the river bed : | 50 m | ||||||||
| Height of the structure crown: | 1630 m above sea level M. | ||||||||
| Building volume: | 27,000 m³ | ||||||||
| Crown length: | 130 m | ||||||||
| Crown width: | 3 m | ||||||||
| Base width: | 8 m | ||||||||
| Operator: | Engadine power plants | ||||||||
| Data on the reservoir | |||||||||
| Altitude (at congestion destination ) | 1630 m above sea level M. | ||||||||
| Water surface | 36 ha | ||||||||
| Reservoir length | 3.43 km | ||||||||
| Reservoir width | 175 m | ||||||||
| Storage space | 6.24 million m³ | ||||||||
| Catchment area | 385 km² | ||||||||
The Lai dad Ova Spin, in earlier versions of the Swiss National Map also grammatically incorrect Lai da Ova Spin , Romansh in the idiom Vallader for Spinbachsee , pronunciation [ laidɐ (d) ɔːvɐ'ʃpin ]) is a reservoir in the municipality of Zernez in the Swiss canton Graubünden , which is operated by the Engadine power plants . The dam was built between 1965 and 1968 and is 73 meters high. The power plant was commissioned in 1970.
Surname
It is named after the stream Ova Spin, which was also referred to as Ova d'Spin in the Dufour and Siegfried cards . The mouth of the stream lies on the side in the rear third of the lake. The Ova Spin rises on the southern slopes of the Piz Laschadurella in two branches, the Ova Spin Dadoura (German Vorderer Spinbach ) and Ova Spin Dadaint (German Hinterer Spinbach ).
The spelling Lai dad Ova Spin is grammatically correct , as it is used in other lakes with place names that begin with vowels, such as Lai dad Ägeri ( Ägerisee ), Lai dad Uri ( Urnersee ) or Lai dad Origlio ( Lago di Origlio ). In the map of Switzerland has long been the spelling Lai da Ova Spin used. The geoportal of the cantonal administration of Graubünden , the lake is referred to as Lai da Ova Spin .
history
A first project to use the Spöl catchment area for electricity production was presented in 1914. It provided for two power plant stages, which would have been supplied by a reservoir with a capacity of 15 million m³ in Val Mora . The upper power plant would have been operated with Italian participation, the lower power plant with machine house in Zernez would have been a purely Swiss plant.
In March 1919, the consortium for the utilization of the Engadin-Bergell hydropower presented a project that proposed a Praspöl or Lai da Praspöl reservoir in the Spöl Gorge - Praspöl , in German Spölwiese , was derived from a field name on the left side of the reservoir. The dam of the lake would have been in the same place as the present one, but the damming mark would have been 38 m higher, so that the lake would have had a volume of 28 million m³ and would have reached almost as far as the Swiss-Italian border.
In the 1940s, the upper reaches of the Spöl, located on Italian soil, and its tributary from the Val del Gallo were also included in the planning. The project developed by the Consortium for Engadine Power Plant Projects (KEK) envisaged an international power plant with a 190 million m³ Livigno reservoir, the water of which would have been processed in a machine house in Zernez. The license application for this project was submitted to the Federal Council in July 1943, but was not dealt with any further because of the Second World War . A license application for an adjusted project under the name Internationales Spölkraftwerk was also submitted in Italy in 1947, where it worked with the Azienda Elettrica Municipale (AEM) of Milan . However, it was delayed because the Italian Montecatini submitted a competing project that wanted to use the basin near Livigno for a storage basin, the drainage of which was intended in the direction of Münstertal and Etsch , which in turn prompted AEM to propose its own project with the discharge of the Spölwasser towards Adda .
In 1955, the Engadiner Kraftwerke (EKW) presented a new project for using the water power of the Inn. The international project was scaled down by placing the machine house belonging to Lago di Livigno directly at the foot of the dam at Punt dal Gall, for which the previously proposed Praspöl reservoir was brought back into play. It was already stated in this project that implementation would only be worthwhile if water could be pumped from the Inn into the Lago di Livigno, especially since Italy insisted on being able to divert part of the Spölwasser into the Adda.
After several years of negotiations, it was agreed with Italy that Lake Livigno could be used for purely Swiss purposes, and that Italy would receive the right to discharge around 97 million m³ of spölwasser into the Adda per year.
The demands of the Swiss Federation for Nature Conservation could be met by enlarging the area of the Swiss National Park , but the power plant company was given the right to build the Ova Spin equalization basin.
Hamlet of Ova Spin
The same name as the stream is a hamlet on the Ofenpassstrasse , 250 m above the lake. The hamlet is connected to the Swiss public transport network every hour in both directions during the day. In summer, two Naturfreunde Schweiz houses accommodate up to 36 guests. A tourist camp with 20 beds is also open all year round.
caves
Below the hamlet of Ova Spin , partly above and partly below today's lakeshore line, there are the caves of Ova Spin (Romanesque Cuvels dad Ova Spin or Cuvels da l'Ova Spin ). During the Neolithic and Bronze Ages , these caves were used as a resting place. Among other things, a long bone with a flint fragment was found during excavations . Beef and pork bones have also been found elsewhere. No Neolithic traces have been found in the lower-lying caves that came under the shoreline as a result of the 1968 flooding.
Energy generation
The Lai da Ova Spin is an equalization pool . It stores water that either drives the turbines in the Pradella power plant or is pumped into Lake Livigno by the Ova Spin power plant .
Tributaries
The lake has natural tributaries, the largest of which is the Spöl from Lago di Livigno . The Ova Spin (Spinbach) and the Ova dal Fuorn (Ofenbach) also flow into the lake.
A much larger amount of water comes from the Inn , the water in S-chanf is taken ⊙ and a 15 km long free-flow tunnel is fed to the lake. The water intake is only 20 m higher than the Lai da Ova Spin, which results in a very low gradient in the tunnel. The tunnel emerges clearly visible on the left side of the lake about 100 m from the dam wall from the mountain, where the water falls into the lake. In addition to the water from the Inn, the tunnel also carries water from the Vallember , Varusch and Tantermozza into the lake. The water from these streams is collected in its own water catchments and fed into the tunnel.
Ova Spin power plant
The Ova Spin power plant is integrated into the dam. It can both pump water from Lai dad Ova Spin into Lake Livigno and use water from this lake to generate electricity. For this purpose, the power plant is equipped with two Francis pump turbines , which together have a capacity of 50 MW. The power plant operates partially in the circulating operation , that is, used by the power plant for generating electricity, water was previously from this in off-peak periods pumped into the Lago di Livigno. The system is connected to the substation in Pradella by a 220 kV high-voltage line, where the control center for monitoring and controlling the system is also located.
Pradella power plant
The water from the Lai dad Ova Spin flows through another tunnel to the Pradella power plant near Scuol , 20 km away , which had delivered 1,020 GWh into the electricity grid in 2019. This value is a very high energy tax for a hydropower plant in Switzerland, which was only exceeded by the Bieudron headquarters in the canton of Valais , which processes water from the Lac des Dix .
Two Francis pump turbines are installed in the Spöl power plant , which together with an output of 50 MW can either turbine water from Lake Livigno or pump it up into it.
System scheme
nature
The lake and the Ova Spin form the border of the Swiss National Park , the rearmost third of the lake is in the park area. Trout live in the lake and are fished.
Lock point Ova Spin
The road near the hamlet of Ova Spin was militarily protected with bunkers in both World War I and World War II and is rated as the “most beautiful blocking point in Graubünden” because of its idiosyncratic camouflage as a medieval castle ruin or rock jagged .
Ofenbergbahn
The Ofenbergbahn , which was planned in 1898 but never realized, would also have used the Spöl Gorge on its way from Zernez to the summit tunnel . She would follow the right bank of the Lai da Ova Spin today.
literature
- N. Schnitter: Dam wall and machine house Ova Spin of Engadiner Kraftwerke AG . 1971, doi : 10.5169 / SEALS-84960 .
Web links
- Charles Knapp, Maurice Borel, Victor Attinger, Heinrich Brunner, Société neuchâteloise de géographie (editors): Geographical Lexicon of Switzerland . Volume 5: Switzerland - Tavetsch . Verlag Gebrüder Attinger, Neuenburg 1908, p. 652, keyword Spin Dadaint and Spin Dadora (Ova d ') ( scan of the lexicon page ).
- Information page on Ova Spin ( memento of February 6, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), on the swissdams.ch website
- Lai da Ova Spin on schweizersee.ch
Individual evidence
- ^ Commercial register office of the Canton of Graubünden (ed.): Engadiner Kraftwerke AG CHE-105.768.959 . Commercial register extract. May 10, 2020.
- ^ Karl Steiger: Ova Spin . Ed .: Swiss Dam Committee. ( swissdams.ch [PDF]).
- ↑ a b Statistics of the hydropower plants. Federal Office of Energy, accessed on May 9, 2020 .
- ^ Uffici federal da cultura UFC: Flottar laina sin il Lai dad Ageri. Retrieved May 9, 2020 (Romansh).
- ↑ Ulrich Bremi: Speech on August 1, 1991. Retrieved on May 9, 2020 .
- ↑ Chantun Grischun cartens interactivs. Retrieved May 9, 2020 .
- ↑ a b c d e f Message from the Federal Council to the Federal Assembly regarding the approval of an agreement concluded between the Swiss Confederation and the Italian Republic on the utilization of the hydropower of the Spöl . Business number 7438. In: Bundesrat der Schweiz (Ed.): Bundesblatt . 109th volume Volume II, No. July 27 , 1957 ( swissvotes.ch ).
- ↑ SBB timetable , accessed on August 3, 2014
- ↑ 46 ° 40 '43.6 " N , 10 ° 9' 38" E
- ^ Information from Naturfreunde Internationale, accessed on April 18, 2013.
- ^ Website of the tourist camp in Ova Spin, accessed on August 9, 2013.
- ↑ Information from the Swiss National Park (PDF; 2.2 MB), accessed on April 5, 2013
- ↑ Information from the Rätisches Museum ( Memento from September 13, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 88 kB), accessed on April 5, 2013.
- ↑ Ernst Probst (2012). The Inner-Alpine Bronze Age culture in Switzerland: 1000 years of prehistory . Grin Publishing House. ISBN 978-3-656-08173-9
- ^ Information from the Protected Areas Research Center for Spatial Information , accessed April 5, 2013.
- ↑ Picture ( Memento from May 8, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) with a dam and feeding through the tunnel from S-chanf, accessed on April 8, 2013.
- ↑ Federal Office for Energy (Ed.): Statistics of the hydropower plants . Central Gazette Pradella ( admin.ch ).
- ↑ Own information of Engadiner Kraftwerke AG ( Memento of May 8, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on April 5, 2013.
- ↑ Central control center Pradella ( Memento from May 8, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on April 5, 2013.
- ↑ Data table for the Pradella headquarters , accessed on June 28, 2019.
- ↑ The most important hydropower plants in Switzerland. Federal Office of Energy, accessed on May 9, 2020 .
- ↑ Own information on the Ova Spin pumped storage plant ( memento from June 28, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ), accessed on April 5, 2013.
- ↑ Pictures of the Crestawald Fortress Museum on positions from the First World War, accessed on April 6, 2013.
- ↑ Pictures of the Crestawald Fortress Museum on the Ova Spin Strasse position from World War II, accessed on April 6, 2013.
- ↑ 46 ° 40 '37 " N , 10 ° 9" 39.5 " E
- ↑ Pictures of the Crestawald Fortress Museum on the Ova Spin Nord position from World War II, accessed on April 6, 2013.
- ↑ 46 ° 41 ′ 1 ″ N , 10 ° 9 ′ 51.9 ″ E
- ↑ Information from the Crestawald Fortress Museum , accessed on April 5, 2013.
