Peder Skram (ship, 1908)
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.jpg) The Danish ironclad Peder Skram in 1939 |
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| Overview | |
| Type | Coastal armored ship |
| Shipyard | |
| Keel laying | April 25, 1905 |
| Launch | May 2, 1908 |
| Namesake | Peder Skram |
| Commissioning | September 24, 1908 |
| Whereabouts | Sunk himself on August 29, 1943 |
| Technical specifications | |
| displacement |
3,735 t |
| length |
87.4 m over everything |
| width |
15.7 m |
| Draft |
5.0 m |
| crew |
257 men |
| drive |
6 Thornycroft boilers , |
| speed |
16.0 kn |
| Range |
2620 nm at 9 kn |
| Armament |
2 × 24 cm L / 43 Bofors cannons |
| Fuel supply |
265 tons of coal |
| Armored deck |
65 to 195 mm |
| similar | |
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Anti-aircraft guns 1916 |
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| 1934 |
2 × 2 20 mm flak and 2 × 2 MG for 2 × 75 mm flak |
| 1939 |
2 × 40 mm automatic cannons |
The Danish coastal armored ship Peder Skram was created as the third ship of the three very similar ships of the Herluf Trolle class . With the three ships, the Navy had the homogeneous defense fleet that had been required for years. The official name of the ship was initially “pansret kystforsvarsskib” (armored coastal defense ship), from 1912 only “kystforsvarsskib”, from 1922 “orlogsskib” (warship) and from 1932 “artilleriskib”.
From 1936, the Peder Skram was the only remaining coastal armored ship, as the Niels Juel , which was delivered after the First World War, had no longer received any heavy weapons. On August 29, 1943, the crew sank the ship in the Holmen naval port in Copenhagen to avoid being taken over by the Germans. They lifted the ship and towed it to Kiel to use it as the stationary training ship Adler .
Building history
_Plan.jpg)
The Peder Skram was armored with the most modern armor steel from the Krupp company. Their 24 cm guns were supplied by the Swedish company Bofors and had an improved range of 15,200 m compared to the guns made by the same company for the Olfert Fischer , which only reached 13,700 m. The rate of fire also increased from 1.8 to 3 rounds per minute. The longer 15 cm guns also supplied by Bofors had a range increased from 10,400 m to 14,300 m and an improved rate of fire of 7 rounds per minute.
As BauNr. 99 Peder Skram , built at the State Shipyard in Copenhagen, was launched on May 2, 1908 as the third ironclad of the Herluf Trolle class. The ship was named after the Danish nobleman and admiral Peder Skram († 1581). Its name had previously led to an armored frigate of 3373 t, which belonged to the fleet from 1866 to 1885.
Mission history
The Peder Skram made her first test drives in the Skagerrak in 1908 and was incorporated into the fleet at the end of the year. In May 1912 she accompanied the royal yacht Dannebrog , which transported the body of King Friedrich VIII, who died in Hamburg , from Travemünde to Copenhagen. The new coastal armored ship remained in continuous service in summer and winter until 1913. At the end of 1913 she reduced the crew and became the reserve ship's parent ship. On April 15, 1914, she was activated for the training squadron and on August 1, the flagship of the 1st squadron guarding the Øresund .
During the First World War , Peder Skram and her two sisters were the backbone of the surveillance of the Danish minefields and the maintenance of Danish neutrality. During the period of service, which lasted until December 12, 1918, they switched between the 1st Squadron on the Oresund and the 2nd Squadron, which guarded the Great Belt .
In 1919 the Peder Skram was launched. In 1920 she was reactivated as a command ship for submarine and torpedo boat divisions and made trips to South Jutland ( North Schleswig ) and Gothenburg in this function . In August 1921 the ship moved to Køgebucht , where it served as a stationary training ship. Together with Olfert Fischer, it carried out tests with HM-1 seaplanes . 15 of the Hansa-Brandenburg W.29 machines were built under license. In 1922 she became a training ship for midshipmen. In 1929 she practiced manned by reservists, together with the Niels Juel , who took on the task of training ship. In 1932 the Peder Skram became a barracks ship for naval applicants. In 1934 she was activated for a maneuver and in May 1935 she accompanied the royal yacht Dannebrog to Stockholm . Little used in the years between the world wars, the ship was in good condition in 1939. It ran at 15.9 knots almost as fast as when it was commissioned and had modern anti-aircraft weapons. In view of the tensions in Europe, it practiced as the last remaining coastal armored ship from May to July 8, 1939 together with the Niels Juel .
On September 1, 1939, the Danish security squadron gathered in Århus. On April 9, 1940, the Peder Skram was in Frederikshavn, almost on the northern tip of Jutland on the east side, and saw nothing of the German invasion of Denmark and Norway. The local naval port was not one of the Germans' first destinations. From April 13, 1940 to June 11, 1941, the coastal armored ship remained laid up in Horsens and then moved to the port of Holmen in Copenhagen. It stayed there in 1942, but was used as the command post for the security forces. On August 29, 1943, the crew of the sunken Peder Skram the ship as ordered at the berth. Well over 20 ships and boats of the Danish Navy sank in the Danish naval base.
Use by the navy and end
The seepage water made the machinery unusable. However, the Germans lifted the ship and towed it to Kiel to use it as a floating anti-aircraft battery and stationary artillery training ship Adler . Shortly before the end of the war, the former Peder Skram sank off Friedrichsort in April 1945 after an Allied air raid.
After the end of the war, the Peder Skram was raised again and transferred to Copenhagen in September 1945. In 1949 the wreck was finally scrapped. When it was demolished, an armored turret was removed and left to the Risø experimental station for experiments with radioactive material.
The Danish coastal armored ships
| Surname | Launch | displacement | speed | Main armament |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tordenskjold | September 30, 1880 | 2,534 t | 13.3 kn | 1 × 35.5 cm L / 25 |
| Iver Hvitfeldt | April 14, 1886 | 3,478 t | 15.1 kn | 2 × 26 cm L / 35 |
| Skjold | May 8, 1896 | 2,195 t | 13.4 kn | 1 × 24 cm L / 40 |
| Herluf trolls | September 2, 1899 | 3,505 t | 15.6 kn | 2 × 24 cm L / 40 |
| Olfert Fischer | May 9, 1903 | 3,650 t | 15.8 kn | 2 × 24 cm L / 43 |
| Peder Skram | May 2, 1908 | 3,735 t | 16.0 kn | 2 × 24 cm L / 43 |
Re-use of the name Peder Skram
From 1966 to 1990 the Danish Navy had the frigate Peder Skram of 2371 t in service. It is preserved as a museum ship in the Holmen naval station in Copenhagen. She was the type ship of her class and her only sister ship was named Herluf Trolle .
literature
- Hans H. Hildebrand, Albert Röhr, Hans-Otto Steinmetz: The German warships: Biographies - a mirror of naval history from 1815 to the present. Koehler's publishing company, Herford,
- Søren Nørby: Flådens sænkning August 29, 1943. Forlaget Region, 2003, ISBN 87-91354-01-3 .
- Jürgen Rohwer , Gerhard Hümmelchen : Chronicle of the naval war 1939-1945. Manfred Pawlak Verlag, Herrsching 1968, ISBN 3-88199-009-7 .
- R. Steen Steensen: Vore panserskibe , Marinehistorisk Selskab, 1968.
- Weyer's pocket book of the war fleets 1941/42. JF Lehmann Verlag, Munich 1941.
Web links
- Peder Skram (1908–1943) ( Memento from September 27, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
- Herluf trolls class
- HM-I seaplane ( Memento from February 22, 2015 in the Internet Archive )