Perazine

Structural formula
General
Non-proprietary name	Perazine
other names	10- [3- (4-methylpiperazin-1-yl) propyl] phenothiazine
Molecular formula	C 20 H 25 N 3 S (perazine) ; C 28 H 33 N 3 O 8 S (perazine) ;
Brief description	white, crystalline powder with a faint odor
External identifiers / databases
EC number	201-578-9
ECHA InfoCard	100.001.435
PubChem	4744
ChemSpider	4582
DrugBank	DB12710
Wikidata	Q392481
Drug information
ATC code	N05 AB10
Drug class	Antipsychotic , phenothiazines
properties
Molar mass	339.50 g mol −1 (perazine) ; 547.6 g mol −1 (dimalonate) ;
Melting point	51–53 ° C (perazine) ; 114–118 ° C (dimalonate) ;
boiling point	160–170 ° C at 0.001 mm Hg (perazine)
solubility	easily soluble in water and ethanol ; sparingly soluble in ether and chloroform ;
safety instructions
	Please note the exemption from the labeling requirement for drugs, medical devices, cosmetics, food and animal feed
GHS labeling of hazardous substances Caution
H and P phrases	H: 302-332
	P: 261-264-271-301 + 312-304 + 340-312-330-501
Toxicological data	80 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 , rat , iv ) ; 500 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 , rat , oral ) ; 75 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 , mouse , iv ) ; 640 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 , mouse , oral ) ;
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Perazine (trade name: Taxilan , manufacturer: Lundbeck ) is a drug from the group of phenothiazines and is used as a moderately potent neuroleptic for the treatment of psychoses . In addition to a moderate antipsychotic effect, perazine also has a clear psychomotor depressant effect; it has a pronounced sedative , sleep-inducing and vegetative calming effect .

history

Perazin was launched on the German market in 1957 under the name Taxilan. It replaced the older chlorpromazine . However, the success of Taxilan was limited to West Germany. It was never introduced in the United States. The reason for this difference has not yet been researched.

Indications

Perazin is approved for use in acute psychotic syndromes with delusions , hallucinations , thought disorders and ego disorders . Catatonic syndromes , chronic endogenous and exogenous psychoses, manifest syndromes and states of excitement are further areas of application.

In addition to the indication in psychotic states, it is also given in cases of pronounced aggressiveness and agitation.

Mechanism of action

Like all phenothiazines, perazine blocks the D ₂ receptor and, in addition, noradrenaline and histamine receptors.

The plasma half-life is between 7.5 and 16 hours.

Side effects

Common side effects are (excessive) sedation, extrapyramidal motor disorders (EPMS) with early and late dyskinesia , akathisia and Parkinson-like symptoms . In addition, hypotension , increase in liver enzymes, blood disorders (eg. B. agranulocytosis ), increase in the prolactin level with gynecomastia or galactorrhea and drug-induced depression occur.

The anticholinergic active component of perazine, which is also present in other neuroleptics, can cause delirious syndromes , among other things , especially if tricyclic antidepressants are taken at the same time .

Dosage forms

Perazine is in the form of oral tablets .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g W. Gaebel: Perazine - a classic neuroleptic from the group of piperazine-substituted phenothiazines. Fundamenta Psychiatrica, 1993 (7), pp. 48-57.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Entry on Perazin. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on June 19, 2014.
^ The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals , 14th Edition (Merck & Co., Inc.), Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA, 2006; Pp. 1234-1235, ISBN 978-0-911910-00-1 .
↑ ^a ^b Registration dossier on 10- [3- (4-methyl-1-piperazinyl) propyl] -10H-phenothiazine ( GHS section ) at the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on July 10, 2020.

↑ epsy.de: Psychopharmaka Zeittafel .

↑ Torsten Kratz, Albert Diefenbacher: Psychopharmacotherapy in old age. Avoidance of drug interactions and polypharmacy. In: Deutsches Ärzteblatt. Volume 116, Issue 29 f. (July 22) 2019, pp. 508-517, p. 511.

Web links

Commons : Perazine - collection of images, videos and audio files

[gaebel-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g W. Gaebel: Perazine - a classic neuroleptic from the group of piperazine-substituted phenothiazines. Fundamenta Psychiatrica, 1993 (7), pp. 48-57.

[Römpp-2] Entry on Perazin. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on June 19, 2014.

[MERCK_Index-3] The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals , 14th Edition (Merck & Co., Inc.), Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA, 2006; Pp. 1234-1235, ISBN 978-0-911910-00-1 .

[Registrierungsdossier-4] Registration dossier on 10- [3- (4-methyl-1-piperazinyl) propyl] -10H-phenothiazine ( GHS section ) at the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on July 10, 2020.

[5] sy.de: Psychopharmaka Zeittafel .

[6] Torsten Kratz, Albert Diefenbacher: Psychopharmacotherapy in old age. Avoidance of drug interactions and polypharmacy. In: Deutsches Ärzteblatt. Volume 116, Issue 29 f. (July 22) 2019, pp. 508-517, p. 511.