Perny long-nosed squirrel
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Perny's long-nosed squirrel ( Dremomys pernyi ) |
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| Dremomys pernyi | ||||||||||||
| ( Milne Edwards , 1867) |
The Perny long-nosed squirrel ( Dremomys pernyi ) is a type of squirrel from the genus of the red-cheeked squirrel ( Dremomys ). It occurs from north-east South Asia and the south of the People's Republic of China to northern and western Myanmar .
features
The Perny long-nosed cone reaches a head-torso length of about 17 to 23 centimeters with a weight of about 160 to 225 grams. The tail becomes 15.6 to 18 centimeters long, which is about shorter than the rest of the body. The rear foot is 43 to 54 millimeters long, the ear length is 19 to 28 millimeters. The animals are oberseits bright aguti -grau to olive brown, the belly is sand color to white. It has no reddish cheek areas and no reddish hip spot. The insides of the hind legs and the underside of the tail are reddish at the base, then the tail is sand-gray, pink to isabel-colored .
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The skull has a total length of 46 to 55 millimeters and corresponds in structure to that of other species of the genus. All species of the genus have a a maxillary per half incisor tooth formed incisor (incisor) to which a tooth gap ( diastema follows). This is followed by two premolars and three molars . In contrast, only one premolar is formed in the lower jaw. In total, the animals have a set of 22 teeth.
distribution
The Perny long-nosed squirrel is common in a comparatively large area from northeast South Asia to northern Southeast Asia. The distribution area extends from the central and southern People's Republic of China over parts of northern India in Manipur and Nagaland to northern Myanmar and Vietnam . In China, the species lives in several subspecies in the provinces of Fujian , Jiangxi , Zhejiang , Anhui , Yunnan , Guizhou , Hunan , Guangxi , Guangdong , Sichuan , Gansu , Shaanxi and Hubei , and it occurs on the island of Taiwan .
The altitude distribution ranges from about 900 to 3500 meters, in China from about 2000 to 3500 meters.
Way of life
Perny's long-nosed squirrels usually live in evergreen deciduous and coniferous forests at high elevations. They are diurnal and live mainly on the ground, where they can be observed especially in the area of fallen trees. Investigations in protected pine forests in Diancang Shan and on Er Hai in Yunnan have shown that the animals only colonize the forests when the pine trees have reached an age of at least six to ten years and the population density is higher when there is pronounced bushy undergrowth is. As the undergrowth becomes less species-poor and lighter through human use, the population density and the duration of settlement in unprotected and used forest areas decrease.
Like other squirrels, the animals feed on seeds and other plants, and they are important for the spread of pine seeds. They also prey on insects and observations come from Wuyuan , according to which they also prey and eat eggs and chicks of the blue-capped jay ( Garrulax courtoisi ). They communicate using high, powerful and loud tones.
In Assam, India they live sympathetically with the orange-bellied Himalayan squirrel ( Dremomys lokriah ), in northern Myanmar they also live with the red-cheeked squirrel ( Dremomys rufigenis ). In central and eastern China, the distribution area partially overlaps with that of the Chinese red squirrel ( Dremomys pyrrhomerus ).
Systematics
The Perny long-nosed squirrel is classified as an independent species within the genus of the red-cheeked squirrel ( Dremomys ), which consists of six species. The first scientific description comes from Henri Milne Edwards from 1865, who described the species on the basis of individuals from Baoxing in the Chinese province of Sichuan .
Eight subspecies are distinguished within the species, including the nominate form :
- Dremomys pernyi pernyi in southern Gansu and Shaanxi, western Sichuan and northwestern Yunnan to western Tibet. The nominate form is larger and lighter gray than the other subspecies.
- Dremomys pernyi calidior in Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi and Fujian. It resembles D. p. senex , however, has a warmer brown to olive brown color on the back, a whiter belly color and sand-colored hip spots.
- Dremomys pernyi flavior in Yunnan and Guangxi to northern Vietnam. Compared to the nominate form, the subspecies is smaller and darker olive-brown.
- Dremomys pernyi howelli in southwest Yunnan, in the Chin Hills in Myanmar and in northeast India. The subspecies is darker than the other subspecies with a clearly visible dark stripe on the back and a darker anal spot.
- Dremomys pernyi imus in northern Myanmar. The subspecies is larger than D. p. howelli with a barely noticeable stripe on the back and a cloudy sandy brown color on the front of the legs.
- Dremomys pernyi modestus in Guizhou, southern Hunan, Guangxi and Guangdong. The back color of the subspecies is cloudy brown with indistinct spots behind the ears. The belly side is tinted sand-colored, especially in the front area.
- Dremomys pernyi owstoni on the island of Taiwan. The back color is sand-colored, black and greyish interspersed, the ventral side is cloudy yellow to orange and the throat is gray-white.
- Dremomys pernyi senex in Hubei and northern Guizhou. The subspecies has a more distinct white spot behind the ears than the nominate form, the throat is white, and the underside of the tail is more ocher than white.
Status, threat and protection
The Perny long-nosed squirrel is classified as Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). This is justified by the comparatively large distribution area and the assumed frequent occurrence of the species as well as the occurrence in several protected areas. There are no known threats to the existence of this species, but the change in habitat to agricultural land and hunting as a source of meat and fur represent local threats in South Asia.
supporting documents
- ↑ a b c d e f Robert S. Hoffmann, Andrew T. Smith: Perny's Long-Nosed Squirrel. In: Andrew T. Smith , Yan Xie: A Guide to the Mammals of China. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ 2008, ISBN 978-0-691-09984-2 , p. 186.
- ↑ a b c d e Richard W. Thorington Jr., John L. Koprowski, Michael A. Steele: Squirrels of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD 2012; Pp. 155-156. ISBN 978-1-4214-0469-1
- ^ Robert S. Hoffmann, Andrew T. Smith: Genus Dremomys. In: Andrew T. Smith , Yan Xie: A Guide to the Mammals of China. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ 2008, ISBN 978-0-691-09984-2 , p. 185.
- ↑ a b c d Dremomys pernyi in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014.2. Posted by: D. Lunde, S. Molur, 2008. Retrieved December 17, 2014.
- ↑ a b Dremomys pernyi In: Don E. Wilson , DeeAnn M. Reeder (Ed.): Mammal Species of the World. A taxonomic and geographic Reference. 2 volumes. 3. Edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4 .
literature
- Richard W. Thorington Jr., John L. Koprowski, Michael A. Steele: Squirrels of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD 2012; Pp. 155-156. ISBN 978-1-4214-0469-1
- Robert S. Hoffmann, Andrew T. Smith: Perny's Long-Nosed Squirrel. In: Andrew T. Smith , Yan Xie: A Guide to the Mammals of China. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ 2008, ISBN 978-0-691-09984-2 , p. 186.
Web links
- Dremomys pernyi inthe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014.2. Posted by: D. Lunde, S. Molur, 2008. Retrieved December 17, 2014.