Henri Milne Edwards

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Henri Milne Edwards, lithograph by Rudolf Hoffmann, 1856
Henri Milne Edwards, photographic visit portrait

Henri Milne Edwards (born October 23, 1800 in Bruges , † July 29, 1885 in Paris ) was a French zoologist , more precisely crustaceologist (specializing in crustaceans ) and naturalist .

Life

Henri Milne Edwards was born in Bruges on October 23, 1800 , the 27th child of the British William Edwards and the French Elisabeth Vaux , but spent most of his life in France. He was married to Laura Trézel . Since he had a lot of siblings, he had his middle name Milne changed to part of his surname, but spelled himself without a hyphen ( Milne Edwards ). It was only his son Alphonse Milne-Edwards (1835–1900) who then added a hyphen to his family name.

Henri Milne Edwards successfully completed his studies in medicine and zoology in Paris in 1823 and then turned to the natural history of lower animals. As early as 1828 he published his first scientific work in Paris, Recherches anatomiques sur les crustacés , and presented it to the Académie des sciences in Paris. A year later, it served Georges Cuvier (1769–1832) as the basis for a very carefully researched and widely praised report. This work embodied the results of two excavation expeditions together with Victor Audouin (1797–1841) near Granville in the years 1826 to 1828 and quickly became famous among experts because of its clear division of the marine fauna into four coastal zones of France.

In 1832 Milne Edwards became professor of hygiene and natural history at the Lycée of the École Centrale des Arts et Manufactures in Paris. In 1841 he became professor of entomology at the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle in Paris and in 1843 professor of entomology and comparative physiology at the Faculté des Sciences of the Sorbonne . In 1838 he was elected to the Académie des Sciences in Paris, 1846 to the Russian Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg , 1849 to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and in 1855 to the Royal Society of Edinburgh . In 1860 he was elected a member of the Leopoldina , in 1864 he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences . Since 1859 he was a foreign member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and since 1861 of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences . In 1862 he took over the management of the zoological department as professor of zoology from Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (1805–1861) and in 1864 became director of the museum. In 1856 he received the Copley Medal from the Royal Society in London in recognition of his zoological research. His most important work is Leçons sur la physiologie et l'anatomie comparée de l'homme et des animaux faites à la faculté des sciences de Paris (1857–81) on the comparative physiology and anatomy of humans and animals.

Milne Edwards took the view in 1823 that the basic structure of all animal tissue from a number of the globules would therefore beads formed units.

Milne Edwards died in Paris on July 29, 1885. He and his wife Laura Trézel left behind nine children, including Alphonse Milne-Edwards, who in 1876 became professor of ornithology at the Museum national d'histoire naturelle and was particularly concerned with bird fossils and marine research.

Taxa named after Edwards

Works

  • A manual of surgical anatomy ... Desilver, Philadelphia 1828.
  • A manual of materia medica and pharmacy. Careys & Lea, Philadelphia 1829.
  • Cahiers d'histoire naturelle. Crochard & Masson, Paris 1833–53.
  • Annales des sciences naturelles, zoologie et biologie animale. Masson, Paris 1834-85.
  • Elémens de zoologie. Crochard & Dumont, Paris, Brussels 1834–37.
  • Histoire naturelle des crustacés. Roret, Paris 1834-40.
  • Outlines of anatomy and physiology. Little & Brown, Boston 1841.
  • The zoology. Scheible, Rieger & Sattler, Stuttgart 1848–58.
  • Leçons sur la physiologie et sur l'anatomie comparée de l'homme et des animaux. Paris 1857–1881.
  • Quelques remarques sur l'emploi du sel en agriculture ... Paris 1849.
  • A monograph of the British fossil corals. London, 1850-72.
  • Zoology. Langlois, Leclercq & Masson, Paris 1850-58.
  • Mélanges carcinologiques. Martinet, Paris 1851–54.
  • Contributions to general zoology. Müller, Stuttgart 1853.
  • with Jules Haime : Histoire naturelle des coralliaires ou polypes proprement dits. Roret, Paris 1857-60.
  • A manual of zoology. Renshaw, London 1863.
  • Mémoire sur la structure élémentaire des principaux tissus organiques des animaux. In: Archs. gene. Méd. 3, 1823, pp. 165-184.

literature

  • Marcelin Berthelot: Notice historique sur Henri Milne Edwards. Didot, Paris 1891.
  • LB Holthuis: H. Milne Edward's ʺHistoire naturelle des crustacésʺ (1834–1840) and its dates of publication. Rijksmuseum van natuurlijke historie, Leiden 1979.
  • Trevor Norton: Stars beneath the sea. Carroll & Graf, New York 2000, ISBN 0-7867-0750-X .
  • J. Pickstone: Globules and Coagula: Concepts of Tissue Formation in the Early Nineteenth Century. In: J Hist Med Allied Sci. Volume XXVIII, No. 4, 1973, pp. 336-356.

Web links

Commons : Henri Milne-Edwards  - Collection of Images, Videos and Audio Files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ List of members since 1666: Letter E. Académie des sciences, accessed on December 2, 2019 (French).
  2. ^ Foreign members of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 1724: Edwards, Henri Milne. Russian Academy of Sciences, accessed December 2, 2019 (Russian).
  3. ^ Fellows Directory. Biographical Index: Former RSE Fellows 1783–2002. Royal Society of Edinburgh, accessed December 2, 2019 .
  4. ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Volume 246; = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3. Volume 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 169.
  5. ↑ royalsociety.org
  6. ^ H. Milne-Edwards: Mèmoire sur la structure élémentaire des principaux tissus organiques des animaux. In: Archs. gene. Méd. 3, 1823, pp. 165-184.
  7. ↑ J Pick Stone: Globules and coagula: Concepts of Tissue Formation in the Early Nineteenth Century. In: J Hist Med Allied Sci. Volume XXVIII, No. 4, 1973, pp. 336-356.
personal data
SURNAME Milne Edwards, Henri
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French zoologist, carcinologist, doctor and naturalist
DATE OF BIRTH October 23, 1800
PLACE OF BIRTH Bruges
DATE OF DEATH July 29, 1885
Place of death Paris