Peterskirche (Weinheim)
The Peterskirche is a Protestant church in Weinheim in the north-west of Baden-Württemberg .
The neo-Romanesque Art Nouveau church was built between 1910 and 1912 by chief building officer Hermann Behaghel . It is the successor to several churches, the oldest of which is verifiably built around the turn of the millennium and survived eight changes of religion.
The church has 700 seats in the nave and 630 in the galleries . Overall, the Peterskirche with its 48 m high tower emerges as a monumental structure despite a simple architectural design and despite its adaptation to the landscape and gives the area its characteristic character.
history
Weinheim and the Peterskirche are closely linked. When Weinheim was first mentioned in a document in 755, there was probably no church in Weinheim. This is supported by the fact that Macharius donated his Weinheim property to the Peterskirche in Heppenheim . A stone tablet in the Heppenheimer Peterskirche from the year 805 indirectly shows that Weinheim was then a separate church district that was independent of Heppenheim. The first known news about a church in Weinheim is the historical mention that King Ludwig the German donated a church in Weinheim to the Wiesensteig monastery in 861 , which was then called Vindenheim im Lobdengau .
It can be assumed, but not proven, that it was in the core of the settlement at that time, on the site of today's St. Peter's Church. The oldest verifiable church at the confluence of the Grundelbach and Weschnitz was already around the turn of the millennium, around the time when Emperor Otto III. Weinheim granted the market rights along with customs and ban.
The finds of the oldest parts of the wall showed that it was probably a single-nave Romanesque church 26 m long and 10 m wide. To the west of the nave stood a square tower, sloping with unequal sides. Several modifications and additions made the small church grow into a stately building. It can be seen in the 1621 copper engraving by Merian . Floods and military campaigns affected the church, especially the tower. Complaints about the dilapidation have not stopped since the Reformation . In 1721 the south wall was widened by 5 m. When the tower showed increasingly strong cracks, it had to be demolished in 1811. The bells were picked up by a roof turret. The desire for a new church grew louder. As the community grew rapidly and further growth was to be expected due to industrialization , the new building plans took on clear forms. In the parish there were voices for and against breaking down the church. The parish council decided to demolish the old church. On December 31, 1909, Pastor Issel held the last service in the old church. When it was demolished in the early summer of 1910, it became clear that the church was not in a state of disrepair, as the “demolition faction” claimed. Usable components were sold and installed in Weinheim houses. When the church was demolished, a number of wall paintings from the 14th and 15th centuries came to light. Some of the frescoes saved at that time perished in Karlsruhe during the Second World War as a result of the war. Nine frescoes are housed in today's fresco room of the Weinheim Museum. In addition, a number of architectural fragments and grave slabs were secured, including a mighty stone sarcophagus , floor slabs, and columns and windows from Romanesque and Gothic times, which are also in the museum. The plans for the new St. Peter's Church were made by chief building officer Hermann Behaghel from Heidelberg. The topping-out ceremony was celebrated on November 23, 1911. The church was consecrated on October 27, 1912. Pastor Issel concluded the sermon by pointing out that the goal of God had also been set for the new church: “But what remains is God and his kingdom. We are safe in him. "
patron
Weinheim belonged to the diocese of Worms . In the Middle Ages it was the smallest and poorest diocese of the empire and stretched about 150 km from Landstuhl west of Kaiserslautern via Worms, Weinheim, Heidelberg, Waibstadt to about Bad Wimpfen in a narrow, 10 to 30 km wide strip. The size was about 3300 square kilometers. The diocese was divided into four archdeaconates and ten deaconates. Weinheim belonged to the Archdeaconate St. Cyriakus in Neuhausen near Worms and to the Dean's office in Heidelberg. The diocesan patron and patron of the Worms Cathedral was St. Peter . The first Weinheim church was also dedicated to St. Consecrated Peter. All the old Peterskirchen in the region probably go back to the direct founding of Worms.
Architecture and equipment
The architect was Hermann Behagel, senior church builder from the Heidelberg Church Inspectorate. He built 30 churches in North Baden. The Peterskirche was his last work. Despite being simple, the church is a monumental building. It is a neo-Romanesque church.
The architectural parts on the outside are made of yellowish flamed sandstone from the Frankenstein quarries in the Palatinate. In the gable of the vestibule there is a relief showing Christ with the apostles Paul and John . The church is bricked with sandstones. The visible surfaces were clad with irregular lump walls made of porphyry and granite . You can get to the tower via a spiral staircase in the southwest corner. The total height of the tower up to the weathercock is 48 m. The gallery walkway with an unobstructed view of Weinheim is 32 m high.
The main nave , whose length axis with the chancel is 26 m by 12.60 m wide, is penetrated by the transept, also 12.60 m wide, which is closed on both sides with three sides of the octagon, creating a square crossing of 15 in the middle m apex height to the vault capstone. The plan is a Greek cross . This is a cross with arms of equal length that cross in the middle at right angles.
The main entrance leads through a vestibule that is 6.40 m wide and 3.50 m deep. The center aisle leads to the altar , in which the altar, pulpit and baptismal font , made of white sandstone, are housed (sculptors: Josef Hoffmann, Heidelberg and Friedrich Hötzer, Sulzfeld). They are artistically executed from white sandstone from the sandstone quarries of Eltmann am Main. The altar cross is made of oak. A coat of rosewood veneer is placed over it. The grain is cut smooth, the whole cross is glazed dark. The ambo and the new altar table are lined with a wooden core. Different shades of blue and green were applied layer by layer using the assembly line technique.
The gallery structures, stairways and all vaults are made of reinforced concrete . The gallery columns and the front screens of the galleries have been covered with facing concrete that has been sculptured. Light yellow Keuper sandstone from the quarries of Dertingen and Kürnbach near Bretten was also used. The interior of the church is designed in such a way that it “collects and prepares the mood of the devout congregation” (Behagel).
The architecture is underlined by the painting. The painting emphasizes the three-dimensional image and reinforces the spatial impression. Walls and vaults are matched to one another in a simple shade. Blue takes up the largest share of the area. Yellow and gold appear in the areas exposed to light. For the believers who enter, the picturesque effect from the main entrance to the chancel is so enhanced that the deeper tint of the stalls closes the organ gallery at its climax. The upper frieze is a dividing line: above is the heavenly, below the earthly. The vaults are the vaults of heaven. This is clearly demonstrated by the blue color in the vault above the organ loft. The sky above the organ emphasizes the power and greatness of God.
In front of it is the triumphal arch over the chancel with 51 fields showing 22 motifs, including the Greek cross again and again. The four-leaf clover is a symbol of the Trinity . The tendrils on the ribs are full of symbolism. Loops, knots and stars indicate that one is firmly bound in the belief that Jesus and his disciples were fishermen, fishermen of men, and that his good news should be carried into all the world. The Greek cross appears again and again and the rosettes in the center of the vault testify to the love of God. At the bottom of the blue base is the earthly. The capitals with different representations radiate harmony. The friezes frame the galleries. There are retractable glass walls between the chancel and the confirmation room. The confirmation hall has 100 seats.
The church has five different entrances, some with a vestibule. They are architecturally designed according to various motifs. Biblical quotations are listed in the tympanum fields. The so-called city entrance in the southwest shows the Weinheim city arms.
organ
The organ was built in 1967 by Eberhard Friedrich Walcker . The slider chest instrument has 62 sounding stops on 4 manuals and pedal. The music and stop actions are electric.
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- Coupling : II / I, III / I, IV / I, III / II, IV / II, IV / III, I / P, II / P, III / P, IV / P
- Playing aids : six general and two divided typesetting combinations , pedal combinations, tutti, crescendo roller
literature
- Rainer Laun: Rhein-Neckar-Kreis , in: Dagmar Zimdars u. a. (Ed.), Georg Dehio (Gre.): Handbook of German Art Monuments : Baden-Württemberg I. The administrative districts of Stuttgart and Karlsruhe . Munich 1993, ISBN 3-422-03024-7 .
- Hans Huth: The art monuments of the Mannheim district: Without the city of Schwetzingen . Munich 1967.
- State Archive administration Baden-Württemberg in connection with d. Cities and districts Heidelberg u. Mannheim (Hrsg.): The city and the districts of Heidelberg and Mannheim: Official district description , Bd. 3: The city of Mannheim and the communities of the district of Mannheim . Karlsruhe 1970.
- Martin Kares, Michael Kaufmann, Godehard Weithoff: Organ guide Rhein-Neckar-Kreis . Heidelberg 2001, ISBN 3-932102-07-X .
Individual evidence
- ↑ More information on the organ of St. Peter's Church (PDF file; 88 kB)
Web links
Coordinates: 49 ° 33 ′ 12.7 " N , 8 ° 40 ′ 34.7" E