Parish and Collegiate Church of St. Martinus (Nottuln)

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The former collegiate and parish church of St. Martinus

The parish church and former collegiate church of St. Martinus in Nottuln is, along with St. Lamberti in Münster, the most important and most beautiful late Gothic hall church in Westphalia. It formed the center of the free-worldly noble women's convent Nottuln , which was dissolved in 1811 . The church bears the patronage of St. Martin of Tours .

history

View through the nave to the choir
St. Martinus floor plan

The Nottulner parish is believed to be one of the original parishes that were established at the beginning of the Carolingian missionary work in conquered Saxony , and many of them received the Martin's patronage. Nothing is known about the first church building. The women's foundation was only founded after the parish in the third quarter of the 9th century. In the 12th century the pre- Romanesque church was replaced by a Romanesque stone church, which in the 15th century was dilapidated and in danger of collapsing.

The start of construction of the new late Gothic hall church is attested by an inscription above the walled-up north portal for Servatiitag, May 13, 1489. The west tower with its three basement floors from the previous building represents the oldest part of the church; an upper floor was added to it from 1489. The nave was completely rebuilt.

A fire in 1748 destroyed a large number of the houses and the old monastery complex in the village of Nottuln. The roof of the collegiate church was damaged, so that some central and side aisle vaults in the eastern part had to be renewed. The baroque tower dome was added to the tower in 1754 under the supervision of Johann Conrad Schlaun . Originally only intended as a temporary measure by Schlaun, it still crowns the tower today.

Building description

According to the inscription on the former north-east portal, construction of the hall longhouse began in 1489. Under the direction of Abbess Anna von Dorsweyler, Swiss journeyman masons are said to have built the church within nine years. The origins of the craftsmen and the descent of the abbess from an important Lorraine family could explain the unusual layout in this country in the spirit of the special Gothic style in southern Germany . In combination with the layout of the hall church, which is entirely in keeping with the local tradition, the result is a varied and lively room image.

The hall is made up of seven narrow, rectangular central nave bays which are immediately followed by a 5/8 choir . The side aisle yokes are almost square. The vault rests on 12 round pillars that show increasingly moving tendrils in the capitals towards the east . The central nave is spanned by a mesh vault, which is supplemented in its western parts by crown ribs. The eastern, oldest vaulted parts of the central nave are very similar to St. Lamberti in Münster. Star vaults span the aisles and the choir. The keystones of the central nave are elaborately designed and show z. B. St. Martin , passion symbols , floral ornamentation and coats of arms.

During a renovation in 1956, the original, well-preserved painting of the vaults from the time it was built came to light: thistle tendrils and flowers, now partially supplemented. The colored version of the vault ribs could also be uncovered and preserved.

In the style of the late Gothic, the three-lane windows dissolve into beautiful tracery with fish bubble ornaments . The original glazing was lost. In the choir and in the east wall of the north aisle there are now colorful windows with figurative and ornamental representations in neo-Gothic style from the workshop of von der Forst from Münster from 1904. In the remaining windows today only single-colored lead glazing.

Furnishing

  • The poor job

  • Baptismal font and Easter candlestick

  • Station of the Cross with the portrait of Chancellor Bismarck as a Roman legionnaire (3rd from left)

  • St. Magnus or St. Liudger

  • St. Martinus with a model of the collegiate church

  • The so-called poor job . Johann Wilhelm Gröninger from Billerbeck is named as a sculptor throughout , and the date of origin is fixed around 1720. However, the figure is interpreted differently in the sources. Dehio sees in her a Christ at rest , but the figure lacks the traces of the flagellation and the crown of thorns. The majority see her as the suffering prophet Job . Until the end of the 19th century, the figure was on the outer wall of the northern sacristy.
  • Font from the 15th century in the late Gothic style. Lid with risen Christ from around 1960.
  • Easter candlesticks , parts of which were found during excavation work in the 1970s.
  • Epitaph of the canoness Anna Mechtildis von Galen-Assen in the north aisle wall, a work by Johann Mauritz Gröninger.
  • Further liturgical furnishings (pulpit, high altar, stations of the cross) from the end of the 19th century. Rolf Peer redesigned the choir according to the requirements of the Second Vatican Council in 1980.
  • The VII. Station of the Cross shows a portrait of Imperial Chancellor Otto von Bismarck as a Roman legionnaire who leads Christ to Golgotha ​​(allusion to the Kulturkampf ).
  • Two life-size figures from the 18th century (probably St. Magnus or Liudger and St. Martinus) from the former baroque high altar. During a renovation in 1957, the old layers of paint were removed and placed on the west wall next to the organ gallery.

Bells

The collegiate church has four bells.

Surname volume diameter year Bell caster place
John c sharp3 + 10 40.3 cm 1540 W. Westerhues Baroque dome of the tower
Maria c1 -2 156.4 cm 1947 Petit and Edelbrock, Gescher tower
Martinus d1 + 1 130.2 cm 1754 Fredericus Schweys, Munster tower
Ursula e1 + -0 114.6 cm 1783 Andreas Mabilo tower

Since the bells were electrified in 1970, the office of bell ringer is no longer necessary. In Nottuln, however, the tradition of beering has been preserved. Since 1990, under the direction of the Klocklüders (Low German for Läuteküster), the bell has been rung by hand on public holidays and special occasions.

organ

The organ on the west gallery

The original organ by Heinrich Mencke dates back to 1721. The prospectus was first painted and gold- plated in 1723 by JH Damelet. The organ builder Stockmann from Werl freed the instrument from all old layers of paint in 1957, restored and added a few registers and a new console . Today the organ has 35 registers on 3 manuals and a pedal .

I main work C – f 3
1. Principal 16 ′
2. Principal 8th'
3. Gemshorn 8th'
4th Octave 4 ′
5. Reed flute 4 ′
6th Octave 2 ′
7th Mixture VI
8th. Trumpet 16 ′
9. Trumpet 8th'
II C-f 3
10. Principal 8th'
11. Sing. Dacked 8th'
12. Octave 4 ′
13. Coupling flute 4 ′
14th Forest flute 2 ′
15th Sif flute 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
16. Sesquialtera II
17th Scharff V
18th Dulcian 16
19th Schalmey 8th'
20th tremolo
III C-f 3
21st Dumped 8th'
22nd recorder 4 ′
23. Principal 2 ′
24. Fifth 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
25th Cymbel III
26th Krummhorn 8th'
27. tremolo
Pedal C – d 1
28. Principal 16 ′
29 Sub bass 16 ′
30th Octave 8th'
31. Chorale bass 4 ′
32. Night horn 2 ′
33. Backset V
34. trombone 16 ′
35. Trumpet 8th'

Trivia

A story in Nottuln says that the windows of the collegiate church only showed holy women who were highly venerated by the ladies of the monastery. This displeased the male population of the village. The whole place was at times under the direction of the noble abbey residents. During the great fire of 1748, the ladies were told that they should please put out the fire-threatened monastery themselves.

literature

Web links

Commons : Parish and Collegiate Church of St. Martinus (Nottuln)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Georg Dehio: Handbook of German Art Monuments: Westphalia, Deutscher Kunst Verlag 1986, page 416
  2. ↑ http://www.st-martin-nottuln.de/?Vereine_u._Verbände:De_Klocklüders_St._Martinus
  3. ↑ Schnell & Steiner, Small Art Guide: St. Martinus Nottuln, 2nd edition 2003

Coordinates: 51 ° 55 '48  .3 " N , 7 ° 21' 10.3"  E