Philadelphia Crime Family

The Bruno Family ( Philadelphia Crime Family ), also known as the Philly Mob or Philadelphia-South Jersey Mafia , is an Italian-American mafia family of the U.S. Cosa Nostra with headquarters in Philadelphia and subsidiary offices in south-east Pennsylvania , Delaware , Maryland and New Jersey .

history

The beginnings

Street gangs formed among Italian immigrants and Italian-Americans in southern Philadelphia in the early 20th century, which by and large later became the Philadelphia Crime Family. Salvatore Sabella , who emigrated from Castellammare del Golfo ( Sicily ), was probably the first official boss of this organization from 1911 ; she dealt with blackmailing, extortion, credit bankruptcy and illegal gambling. Sabella retired in 1931 at the age of 40.

Joseph Ida, John Avena & Luigi Quaranta (May 30, 1927)

After Sabella's resignation, Underboss John "Nazzone" Avena took the lead in the organization. Under Avena's leadership, the family formed an alliance with the Jewish criminal syndicate called 69th Street Mob . In addition to illegal gambling, Avena is said to have been active in drug trafficking and extortion. During the 1930s there was an ongoing conflict with Giuseppe "Joe Bruno" Dovi , who was trying to gain control. In the summer of 1936, Avena was murdered by his own men in a drive-by shoot and Giuseppe Dovi became the new boss.

Dovi had good connections with the Chicago Outfit and New York City's Five Families, and expanded his operations to Atlantic City , south Philadelphia, and parts of south Jersey. Narcotics offenses, illegal gambling, credit bankruptcy and extortion were among his activities. On October 22, 1946 Dovi died of natural causes in a hospital in New York City and Giuseppe "Joseph" Ida was appointed the new head of the so-called Mafia Commission .

Joseph Ida and the Genovese Influence

Ida and his organization were heavily influenced by the bosses of the Five Families; the Luciano family in particular strove to influence the activities of other families. As the Philadelphia family grew in power in Atlantic City and South Jersey, they were already seen as a larger faction of the Luciano family, under the influence of Underboss Vito Genovese .

Ida and his underboss Dominick “Big Dom” Oliveto were among the 100 or so Mafia members who attended the legendary Apalachin meeting in 1957 ; a meeting of almost all the bosses of the American Cosa Nostra in November 1957, which took place in the community of Apalachin , New York state and was stormed by the local police. A total of 62 people were arrested and identified; including Ida and Oliveto. Oliveto withdrew and shortly afterwards Ida was charged with drug trafficking and fled to Italy in 1958.

During his absence, Oliveto's successor, Antonio “Mr. Miggs “Pollina appointed acting boss; However, in 1959 the commission was deposed and Angelo "The Gentle Don" Bruno was appointed the new head of the family, officially ending Ida's term of office.

"The Gentle Don" Bruno

The Philadelphia family has always been notorious for their violence. During Angelo Bruno's tenure (1959–1980), however, the family enjoyed a long period of peace and prosperity. During this time the family became known through the media as the Bruno Family .

Several subgroups of the family later began to rebel against the aging Bruno, which eventually led to Bruno's murder in 1980. The murder is believed to have been carried out by Bruno's consigliere , Antonio "Tony Bananas" Caponigro . Just weeks later, Caponigro's body was found in a body bag in the trunk of a car in New York. The commission reportedly ordered Caponigro's death for murdering Bruno without their permission. Other members of the Bruno family who were involved in Bruno's murder were also tortured and murdered. Bruno's death then gradually triggered a decline in family power.

Casella's intrigue

Philip Testa (1956)

Bruno's underboss named Philip Testa became Bruno's logical successor. Testa's tenure lasted just under a year before he was killed by a nail bomb on March 15, 1981. Testa's murder was arranged by his underboss Peter Casella and a capo named Frank “Chickie” Narducci, Sr. in an attempt to gain control of the family.

Casella called a meeting with Testas Consigliere Nicodemo "Little Nicky" Scarfo and told him that by meeting "Big Paul" Castellano of the Gambino family and "Fat Tony" Salerno of the Genovese family , he had made the new boss and Narducci should be the new underboss. Scarfo was suspicious and set up a meeting with the two New York bosses at which it turned out that Casella had lied. Scarfo reached a compromise by giving the New York families shares in his Atlantic City businesses while keeping a significant portion to himself. With the support of the Commission, Scarfo has been named the new head of the family.

Scarfo's iron rule

Casella was transferred to Florida where he lived with his daughter but was never tried for Testa's murder and died of natural causes in 1984. Frank Narducci, Sr. was murdered in 1982 by Philip Testa's son named Salvatore "Salvie" Testa , who was named Capo a few months after his father's death by Scarfo and on September 14, 1984 by his close friend Joseph "Joey" Pungitore was murdered on behalf of Scarfo. The last person in Scarfo's path was highly respected, longtime Mafioso Harry Riccobene . Riccoben believed that Scarfo was an incompetent, greedy boss and he refused to pay tribute to Scarfo. The Scarfo faction killed three of Riccobene's men in the ensuing conflict. The Riccoben faction murdered Scarfo's consigliere named Frank Monte , while Riccoben himself survived two assassinations on his life. The war ended in 1984 when Riccoben was arrested and given life imprisonment for Monte's murder.

Nicodemo "Little Nicky" Scarfo (center)

During Scarfo's reign, the family also came to be known as the Scarfo family . Unlike Bruno, Scarfo was notorious for his temper and tendency to violence. He took the family into the drug business and levied a road tax on all gangsters who dealt in his area. Under Scarfo, people were murdered because of the smallest quarrels. His bloody tenure during the 1980s resulted in the murder of more than 20 of his own men. The sharp rise in violence has drawn increased attention from the FBI, the Pennsylvania State Police and the New Jersey State Police. The increased violence and prosecution also convinced some gangsters (including Scarfo's own nephew) to cooperate with the government in order to escape death or prison.

Nicodemo Scarfo's fall came in November 1988 when he and 16 of his men were convicted of 10 murders, 5 attempted murders, extortion, illegal gambling and drug trafficking. Among those charged were Scarfo's underboss Philip “Crazy Phil” Leonetti , as well as three capos named Joseph “Chickie” Ciancaglini , Francis “Faffy” Iannarella, Jr. and Santo Idone . Ciancaglini and Leonetti agreed to work with law enforcement and testify in court for the government in order to avoid an extended prison term. 15 of the defendants received prison terms ranging from 30 to 55 years.

Stanfa's regime

To avoid a total power vacuum in the Philadelphia Mafia, the commission appointed the Sicilian mobster Giovanni "John" Stanfa as the new boss of the family in 1991 . He was born into a Sicilian Mafia family in Sicily, was an old friend of Gambino boss Carlo Gambino and had served as a bodyguard and driver for Angelo Bruno from the 1960s.

"Stevie" Mazzone, "Joey" Merlino & "Georgie" Borgesi

However, a splinter group of younger bullies emerged around Joseph "Skinny Joey" Merlino , who refused to recognize the regime of the new leadership. However, Stanfa believed that he could appease the young bullies and observe them more closely by officially introducing them to the Mafia family. He also thought they would be easier to kill as members of the Mafia, as one of the rules is that they must attend a meeting if their boss requests it. Joey Merlino and his best friend Michael Ciancaglini were officially accepted as "made men" by John Stanfa in September 1992 at a ceremony in the American Cosa Nostra.

On March 2, 1993 Stanfa's underboss, or Michael's brother Joseph "Joey Chang" Ciancaglini, Jr. was seriously injured in an assassination attempt by Merlino's men and remained partially paralyzed. On August 5, 1993 Michael Ciancaglini was killed by several gunshots and Merlino was injured by the Stanfa commissioned capo named John Veasey and his partner Phil Colletti . However, Joey wasn't about to accept his friend's death and hit back that month. When Stanfa, his son and his driver were on the highway, they were caught by continuous fire from a van and Stanfa's son was injured. Stanfa's driver managed to get the car off the road and led to the hospital, where Joe Stanfa's injuries were treated. In November 1993, Merlino was arrested by the FBI for violating his parole and sent back to prison. Stanfa and most of his supporters were also arrested in 1994, and Stanfa was sentenced to life imprisonment by treason by his closest allies in 1995.

Control by Merlino

Ralph Natale took over the new management of the family after consultation with Joey Merlino, who was released in 1994, while Joey held the position of underboss. According to Merlino's partner, Merlino only used Natale as an acting boss during his legal troubles, while Merlino secretly remained boss on the street.

Merlino made his money in classic Mafia businesses like gambling, usury, protection money claims and robbery, while Natale concentrated on expanding her influence in the drug trade. In the late 1990s, Merlino allied with Steven "Gorilla" Mondevergine , the president of an outlaw motorcycle gang called Pagan's MC . Authorities believed Merlino was using the boys to solve underworld disputes.

Joseph Merlino is described as a particularly vicious person obsessed with his own public image and another version of John Gotti . "Joey was a party guy," said former Mafia soldier and later government witness Ronald "Big Ron" Previte . "He liked to let himself go, he liked to play and liked the high life" . He invited TV crews to his annual homeless Christmas party and was a staple of the city's nightclubs, restaurants, and sporting events. The media dubbed him the "John Gotti of Passyunk Avenue" for his similarly unadulterated and eye-catching style.

In June 1998, Natale was jailed for parole violation and Merlino officially took over the family. Soon after his imprisonment, Natale told authorities everything he knew about the Philly Mafia. Joey was arrested and charged in June 1999 with Underboss Steven Mazzone and Consigliere George Borgesi , among others . During his imminent prison sentence, Joey Joseph named "Uncle Joe" Ligambi as acting boss. The most serious allegations they were made were their alleged involvement in three murders, including Newark soldier Joseph Sodano , drug dealer Anthony Turra and his son. On July 2, 2001, Skinny Joey and his partners were cleared of the murder charges, but they were convicted of extortion, illegal bookmaking, and receiving stolen property. In December, Joey was sentenced to fourteen years in federal prison. Commenting on his conviction, Joey said, "It's not bad. Better than the death penalty . "

Since the takeover by Ligambi, the family remained increasingly in the shadows during the 2000s, rarely mentioned in the media and there was almost no rivalry within the family. On March 15, 2011, Merlino was released early from prison and was under parole until 2015, which he spent with his family in Florida . On May 23, 2011, Ligambi was arrested by the FBI and charged with extortion, usury of credit and illegal gambling, among other charges. Joey eventually named his former underboss, Steven Mazzone, as the new incumbent boss.

Charges were brought against Merlino and 45 other alleged members of La Cosa Nostra on August 4, 2016, and 39 of the accused nationwide were arrested that same day. They are charged with extortion, illegal gambling, arson, arms trafficking, credit card fraud and healthcare fraud. All of them should face a maximum sentence of 20 years in prison. Joey Merlino was among the top 3 arrested. All Detained Mafiosi, Without Exception, reportedly pleaded "not guilty" in federal court in Manhattan, and most were released on bail after payments of $ 135,000 to $ 360,000. But the police definitely don't want to let some of them go again. Merlino was released on August 12 after paying a $ 5,000,000 bail and sentenced to two years in prison in October 2018 for illegal gambling operations.

Historical tour

Head of the family

The head of a family cannot always be identified so clearly; especially if another family member comes to the fore due to a prison sentence. The external view does not always make it easy to recognize a new head as such or to determine his exact term of office. In addition, a presidential system seems to be establishing itself to a certain extent; ie the head shifts his power more to a so-called “acting boss” and / or “street boss”, who in turn continue to recognize the head as such, even if he is, for example, in custody.

Period	Surname	Nickname	Lifetime	Cause of death	annotation
1911-1931	Salvatore Sabella		1891-1962	natural death	resigned
1931-1936	John Avena	Nazzone	1893-1936	shot dead on Aug. 17, 1936
1936-1946	Giuseppe "Joseph" Dovi	Joe Bruno	1889-1946	natural death
1946-1959	Giuseppe "Joseph" Ida		1890 - ????	natural death	fled to Italy
1959-1980	Angelo Bruno (born: Annaloro)	The Gentle Don	1910-1980	on March 21 Shot in 1980	Perpetrator: Antonio "Tony Bananas" Caponigro
1980-1981	Philip Testa	The Chicken Man	1924-1981	on Mar 15th Murdered by a nail bomb in 1981	Client: Peter Casella & Frank Narducci, Sr.
1981-1991	Nicodemo Domenico Scarfo	Little Nicky	1924 – today		1982–84 and imprisoned since 1988
1991-1994	Giovanni Stanfa	John	1940 – today		detained since 1994
1994-1998	Ralph Natale	Mr. Bigmouth	????-today		Imprisoned in 1998 / became an informant in 1999
1998 – today	Joseph Salvatore Merlino	Skinny Joey	1962 – today		Imprisoned 1999–2011

Acting boss

• 1958–1959: Antonio “Mr. Miggs “Pollina  ; deposed by the Commission
• 1982–1984: Salvatore "Chuckie" Merlino  ; at the same time underboss
• 1987–1991: Anthony "Tony Buck" Piccolo  ; at the same time consigliere
• 1999–2011: Joseph Anthony "Uncle Joe" Ligambi  ; Imprisoned 2011–2013; Consigliere since 2014
• 2011 – present: Steven “Handsome Stevie” Mazzone

Front boss

• 1994–1998: Ralph “Mr. Bigmouth “Natale; Imprisoned in 1998 / became an informant in 1999

Street Boss

• 1994–1998: Joseph Salvatore "Skinny Joey" Merlino; became boss in 1998

Underboss of the family

The underboss is number two in the criminal family, he is the deputy director of the syndicate. He gathers information for the boss, gives orders and instructions to the subordinates. In the absence of the boss, he leads the organization.

Period	Surname	Nickname	Lifetime	Cause of death	annotation
1911-1931	John Avena	Nazzone	1893-1936	shot dead on Aug. 17, 1936	became boss in 1931
1931-1936	Giuseppe "Joseph" Dovi	Joe Bruno	1889-1946	natural death	became boss in 1936
1936-1946	Giuseppe "Joseph" Ida		1890 - ????	natural death	became boss in 1946
1946-1956	Marco Reginelli	Small man	1897-1956	natural death
1956-1957	Dominick Oliveto	Big Dom	1906-1969	natural death	resigned
1957-1959	Antonio Pollina	Mr. Miggs	1892-1993	natural death	deposed by the Commission
1959-1970	Ignazio Denaro	Naz	1904-1970	natural death
1970-1980	Philip Testa	The Chicken Man	1924-1981	on Mar 15th Murdered by a nail bomb in 1981	became boss in 1981
1980-1981	Peter Casella	Petey	1908-1984	natural death	deposed by the Commission
1981-1986	Salvatore Merlino	Chuckie	1939-2012	natural death	Imprisoned until death in 1986 / father of Joey Merlino
1986-1989	Philip Leonetti	Crazy Phil	1953 – today		became an informant
1989-1990	Pasquale Martirano	Patty Specs	1930-1990	natural death
1990-1994	Joseph Ciancaglini, Jr.	Joey Chang	????-today		resigned
1994-1998	Joseph Salvatore Merlino	Skinny Joey	1962 – today		Street Boss at the same time
1998-2004	Steven Mazzone	Handsome Stevie	1964 – today		Imprisoned 2001–2008 / became acting boss in 2011
2004-2011	Joseph Massimino	Mousie	1950 – today		Imprisoned 2004–2010
2011 – today	John Ciancaglini	Johnny Chang	????-today		Brother of Joseph Ciancaglini, Jr.

Acting underboss

• 1982–1984: Salvatore "Salvie" Testa  ; * 1956-1984; on Sep 14 Murdered in 1984; Perpetrator: Joseph Pungitore / Client: Nicodemo Scarfo
• 1992-1994: Frank Martines  ; detained since 1994
• 2007–2010: Martin “Marty” Angelina  ; * 1962 – today
• 2010–2011: Anthony "Ant" Staino, Jr  .; * 1957 – today

Consigliere of the family

At the same level as the underboss is the consigliere, the advisor to the criminal family. It is usually an older member of the family who has not reached the position of boss in his criminal career and has now partially withdrawn from active criminal activity. He advises the boss and the underboss, giving him considerable influence and power.

Period	Surname	Nickname	Lifetime	Cause of death	annotation
1911-1931	Giuseppe "Joseph" Dovi	Joe Bruno	1889-1946	natural death	became Underboss in 1931
1931-1936	Giuseppe "Joseph" Ida		1890 - ????	natural death	became underboss in 1936
1936-1946	Marco Reginelli	Small man	1897-1956	natural death	became Underboss in 1946
1946-1977	Giuseppe "Joseph" Rugnetta	Joe the Boss	1896-1977	natural death
1977-1980	Antonio Caponigro	Tony Bananas	1912-1980	murdered by the commission
1980-1981	Nicodemo Domenico Scarfo	Little Nicky	1924 – today		became boss in 1981
1981-1982	Frank Monte		1931-1982	Shot in 1982	Client: Harry Riccoben
1982-1989	Nicholas Piccolo	Nicky Buck	1904-1989	natural death
1989-1994	Anthony Piccolo	Tony Buck	1923-2004	natural death	Imprisoned 1994–2004 / nephew of Nicholas Piccolo
1994-1996	Ronald Turchi	Ronnie	1938-1999	Murdered in 1999	demoted to soldato
1996-1999	Steven Mazzone	Handsome Stevie	1964 – today		became underboss in 1999
1999-2011	George Borgesi	Georgie Boy	1964 – today		Imprisoned 2001–2012
2014 – today	Joseph Anthony Ligambi	Uncle Joe	1939 – today

Acting Consigliere

• 1984–1989: Anthony "Tony Buck" Piccolo; became an official consigliere
• 2001–2004: Joseph "Joe Crutch" Curro  ; * ???? - 2004
• 2004-2011: Gaeton Lucibello  ; Imprisoned 2011–2015

Films and documentaries

• 2017: The Corrupt and the Dead : Documentation about the past corruption in Philadelphia and mobsters like Salvatore Sabella, Angelo Bruno, Joseph "Uncle Joe" Ligambi and "Skinny Joey" Merlino.
• 2016: Legend of the Krays - Part 2 - The Case : Angelo Bruno is played by Michael Instone.
• 2015: Legend  ; Angelo Bruno is played by Chazz Palminteri.
• 2006: Find Me Guilty - The Mafia Trial  ; Film about former Bruno member (later Lucchese) Jackie DiNorscio and the great trial against the Lucchese family .

literature

• George Anastasia: Blood and Honor: Inside the Scarfo Mob, the Mafia's Most Violent Family . 2004, ISBN 0940159864
• George Anastasia: Goodfella Tapes .
• George Anastasia: The Last Gangster .
• Robert J. Wagman: Blood Oath .
• Celeste Anne. Morello: Before Bruno: The History of the Mafia and La Cosa Nostra in Philadelphia . 2000, ISBN 9780967733418
• Celeste Anne. Morello: Before Bruno: The History of the Philadelphia Mafia, 1931-1946 . 2001, ISBN 9780967733425
• Celeste Anne. Morello: Before Bruno and How He Became Boss: The History of the Philadelphia Mafia, Book 3--1946-1959 . 2005, ISBN 9780977053209

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Merlino Merlino
2. ^ ^{A b} Mob chef Angelo Lutz hopes for a hit with New Jersey restaurant The Kitchen Consigliere , NY Daily News. October 31, 2013. Retrieved March 25, 2015. 
3. ↑ ^{a b} Tracing Ties Between Mob And Mayor Investigators Say A Friend Of Boss-turned-informant Ralph Natale's Funneled Cash And Gifts To Milton Milan. . March 31, 2000. Retrieved March 25, 2015. 
4. ^ ^{A b} Informant Is Mob Target, Officials Say . November 4, 1990. Retrieved March 25, 2015. 
5. ↑ About the Mafia - New Mafia Documentary: The Corrupt and the Dead
6. ^ Penn Live - From Sabella to Merlino: Five Philadelphia mob bosses who impacted Pennsylvania and New Jersey
7. ↑ The American Mafia - Avena, John "Big Nose" (1893-1936)
8. ↑ Friends of Mount Moriah Cemetery - John “Big Nose” Avena - Mob Boss
9. ↑ La Cosa Nostra Database - Family - Scarfo
10. ^ Mafia History - The American Mafia - Crime Bosses of Philadelphia
11. ^ Carl Alves - The Mafia in Philadelphia Part 1
12. ↑ Crime Inquiry Still Checking on Apalachin Meeting . In: Toledo Blade , Associated Press, July 2, 1958, p. Two. Retrieved May 27, 2012. 
13. ↑ Apalachin Meeting Ruled Against Gang Killing Of Tough, Probe Told . In: Schenectady Gazette , Associated Press, February 13, 1959, pp. 1, 3. Retrieved May 27, 2012. 
14. ↑ dvrbs - Dominick Oliveto
15. ↑ La Cosa Nostra Database - Antonio - Mr Miggs - Pollina
16. ↑ Nicodemo Scarfo . Bio. Archived from the original on February 3, 2016. Retrieved on 2015-0325.
17. ↑ ^{a b} 41 Charged in Mob Case Based on Informer , New York Times. August 22, 1990. Retrieved March 25, 2015. 
18. ↑ ^{a b} George Anastasia. Behind Bruno's Slaying: Tale of a Triple-Cross . From: articles.philly.com on March 12, 1989, accessed February 16, 2016
19. ↑ Les Ledbetter: Reputed Leader In Mob Is Killed In Philadelphia; Angelo Bruno Shot Dead in Auto Outside Home. In: The New York Times . March 22, 1980, accessed January 14, 2017 . 
20. ^ Find a Grave - Antonio "Tony Bananas" Caponigro
21. ^ Mental Floss - 7 Major Mafia Murders
22. ↑ Anastasia (1991), pp. 106-109
23. ^ ^{A b} Pennsylvania Crime Commission: 1984 Report . DIANE Publishing Company ISBN 9780788145629
24. ^ John Hall, How the Pagans Bested the Mob. Philadelphia weekly, October 1, 2008, archived from the original on June 12, 2016 ; accessed on June 12, 2016 . 
25. ↑ phillymag [1]
26. ^ Mobster-informant Leads To Arrests Of Nicodemo Scarfo Jr., 28 Others . August 22, 1990. Retrieved March 25, 2015. 
27. ^ Scarfo Had Sal Testa Slain For Honor, Caramandi Says . May 14, 1987. Retrieved March 25, 2015. 
28. ^ Dismantling The Philadelphia Mob . January 29, 1989. Retrieved January 22, 2016.
29. ^ ^{A b c} Global Mafia News - The Life and Crimes of Joey Merlino
30. ↑ George Anastasia: The Last Gangster . HarperCollins, New York 2004, ISBN 978-0-06-054423-2 , pp. 70-72.
31. ↑ Jim Barry: Who's the Boss? . Philadelphia City Paper. Archived from the original on February 21, 2013. Retrieved September 13, 2011.
32. ^ Former Pagans leader Mondevergine arrested on attempted-murder charge . Philly.com. June 2, 2011. Retrieved January 9, 2013.
33. ↑ Former 'Capo': 'I Was Underpaid' . CBS News. Retrieved January 22, 2016.
34. ↑ Straight From the Horsehead's Mouth | Cover story | News and Opinion | Philly Weekly . December 31, 2013. Retrieved January 22, 2016.
35. ↑ Underboss sentenced as war on mob continues Merlino associate Steven Mazzone was given a nine-year term. The probes go on, authorities say. . In: Philly.com . Retrieved October 11, 2014.
36. ↑ 7 Reputed Mafia Figures Are Acquitted of Murder . In: The New York Times , July 21, 2001. Retrieved May 7, 2010. 
37. ^ Mid-Atlantic: Pennsylvania: Mobster Gets 14 Years . In: The New York Times , December 4, 2001. Retrieved May 7, 2010. 
38. ^ Still home for holidays . May 24, 2011. Retrieved January 22, 2016.
39. ↑ Anastasia, George: A 'Family Man' Who's Content In Shadows . In: Philadelphia Inquirer , December 2, 2007. 
40. ↑   by VERNON ODOM: Joey Merlino leaves prison; heads to Florida . Abclocal.go.com. March 15, 2011. Retrieved January 9, 2013.
41. ^ "Skinny Joey" Merlino's Out of the Joint , NBC. March 15, 2011. Retrieved March 12, 2016. 
42. ↑ Ex-Philly mob leader "Skinny Joey" Merlino now in Florida halfway house . PAC. Retrieved March 12, 2016.
43. ↑ Reputed mob boss Ligambi, others indicted . In: Philly.com . Retrieved October 11, 2014.
44. ↑ FBI has reputed Philadelphia mob boss . United Press International. May 23, 2011. Retrieved May 23, 2011.
45. ^ Merlino man Mazzone acting boss of South Philly Mob . In: Hollywood goodfella . Retrieved October 11, 2014.
46. ↑ Mazzone Is Straw That Stirs The Drink In Philly Mob These Days . In: Gangster Report Mafia Insider . Retrieved December 22, 2014.
47. ↑ 46 alleged Mafia members indicted in New York ( Memento from February 22, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
48. ↑ Organized crime bust: How does the 'old school' Mafia work today?
49. ↑ Reputed Philly crime boss Joey Merlino gets $ 5 million bond .
50. ↑ US mobster Skinny Joey gets two years in prison - and agrees with Trump on 'flippers' . In: The Guardian . October 18, 2018. Retrieved January 11, 2019.
51. ^ Cosa Nostra News - No Respect for Merlino: "Corrupt and Dead" Director