Philcoxia
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Philcoxia is a genus of plants within the plantain family . It occurs exclusively in Brazil. Both the genre as well as the first three species were until 2000 based on collections made from 1966, 1981 and 1992 first described . A fourth species was added in 2014. It is contemplated that the species in the genus Philcoxia could be carnivorous .
description
Vegetative characteristics
The Philcoxia species are herbaceous plants , perennial (certainly Philcoxia bahiensis , probably Philcoxia minensis ), otherwise annual and reach heights of 10 to 26 centimeters. The shoot axes of most species are underground.
The entire-edged foliage leaves have a shield-like stalk and are rounded to narrowly kidney-shaped. Their underside is hairless, on the upper side the leaves are covered with stalked glands that secrete a sticky secretion. Upon closer inspection, numerous captured nematodes were found on the leaf surface of Philcoxia minensis .
Generative characteristics
The bracts are scale-like, lacking bracts, inflorescences are monotelisch (d. E. The main and lateral axes all end with a flower).
The hermaphrodite flowers are five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five sepals are free. The five-lobed crown is light blue to purple, hairless on the outside, short hairy on the inside. The five crown lobes indicate two lips, the upper two-, the lower two- to three-lobed. The flower tube is slender at the base, widened at the throat, and the two stamens are located in it near the base . The stamens are very short, the anthers only have one counter , the connective is thickened, and there are no staminodes . The ovary contains numerous ovules . The stylus is linear and abruptly broadened at the tip.
The round to almost round, two-compartment capsule fruit opens along the partitions.
Distribution and habitat
The genus Philcoxia is restricted to eastern Brazil.
The Philcoxia species colonize seasonally dry and nutrient-poor, deep sandy soils of the Cerrado and Campos Rupestres at altitudes between 800 and 1450 m.
Fires often occur here in the dry season. As pioneer plants, Philcoxia also colonize disturbed locations, such as those caused by diamond mining and which are otherwise almost free of vegetation.
Botanical history
The first specimens of this genus (later described as Philcoxia goiasensis ) were collected as early as 1966 and were provisionally placed in the water hose family (Lentibulariaceae). However, Peter Taylor of Kew Gardens determined it in collaboration with David Philcox in the early 1970s as the previously undescribed genus of the figwort family (Scrophulariaceae). Taylor began a description of the genus and species, but did not complete it for over two decades; the material remained unprocessed in his hand.
In 1991 a working group led by Raymond Harley received collections from a private individual, including a plant that could not be satisfactorily identified. Since it resembled a water hose ( Utricularia ), the material was passed on to Martin Cheek of Kew Gardens, who identified it as a figwort based on its placentation and in turn passed it on to Vinicius Souza , a specialist in Brazilian figwort. Souza recognized that this was a new species and, at the same time, a new genus of figwort. Further research brought to light another herbal specimen collected as early as 1981, which - although in poor condition and without precise location information - could be identified as a second species of the genus (later Philcoxia minensis ).
Peter Taylor wanted to finish the first description of the long unedited material in 1994 and showed Raymond Harley his drafts and the herbarium copy. He recognized that Taylor was working on the same genus and that his specimen was a third, not yet described species of the genus. In 2000, a joint article was published in which the new genus was first described along with three of its species. The genus name Philcoxia honors the British botanist David Philcox (1926-2003), an expert on tropical figwort, who helped Taylor with family classification.
As part of the serious changes in the family since the early 1990s, it was then assigned to the plantain family (Plantaginaceae) after molecular genetic studies in 2007 . At the same time, the first, simple tests for a carnivory were carried out and, using a new find, the previously sparse knowledge about Philcoxia minensis was significantly expanded. In 2014 the fourth species of the genus Philcoxia tuberosa was first described.
species
The distribution area of the genus Philcoxia is limited to eastern Brazil.
As of 2014 there are four species of Philcoxia :
- Philcoxia bahiensis V.C. Souza & Harley : This endemic is only known from a locality in the Brazilian state of Bahia .
- Philcoxia goiasensis P.Taylor : It occurs only in the Brazilian state of Goiás .
- Philcoxia minensis V.C. Souza & Giulietti : This endemic occurs only in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais .
- Philcoxia tuberosa M.LSCarvalho & LPQueiroz : It was first described in 2014 from the Brazilian state of Bahia.
proof
- Peter W. Fritsch, Frank Almeda, Angela B. Martins, Boni C. Cruz, D. Estes: Rediscovery and Phylogenetic Placement of Philcoxia minensis (Plantaginaceae), with a Test of Carnivory. In: Proceedings of the Californian Academy of Sciences. Volume 58 (21), 2007, pp. 447-467, PDF.
- Peter Taylor, Vinicius Castro Souza, Ana Maria Giulietti, Raymond Mervin Harley: Philcoxia: a new genus of Scrophulariaceae with three new species from eastern Brazil. In: Kew Bulletin. Volume 55, 2000, pp. 153-163.
Individual evidence
- ↑ MLS Carvalho, LP Queiroz: Philcoxia tuberosa (Plantaginaceae), a new species from Bahia, Brazil. In: Neodiversity , Volume 7, 2014, pp. 14-20. PDF. ( Memento of the original from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
