Eisenberg mine
| Eisenberg mine | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
 |
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| other names | Briloner Eisenberg mine | ||
| Mining technology | Civil engineering | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| Start of operation | 1350 | ||
| End of operation | July 15, 1916 | ||
| Successor use | Show mine | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Iron ore | ||
| Iron ore | |||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 51 ° 21 ′ 54 ″ N , 8 ° 31 ′ 18 ″ E | ||
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| local community | Olsberg | ||
| country | State of North Rhine-Westphalia | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
| District | Brilon district | ||
The Eisenberg mine , also known as the Briloner Eisenberg mine , was a mine in the Eisenberg north-east of Olsberg .
history
There is evidence that iron ore has been mined at Eisenberg since 1350 , but the mining certainly goes back to pre-Christian times. In the older period, day shafts were built, and an extensive pinge field in the vicinity of the 30 m deep old shaft ( Lage ) attests to this phase of mining. This changed in the 16th or 17th century with the advent of tunnel construction . The oldest so far proven studs on Eisenberg is the old adit , even Sahlborner Stöllchen called the 2010 under the auspices of the German Mining Museum again aufgewältigt was. Four tunnels were excavated on the southern slope in order to drain and develop less accessible ore deposits :
- Kirschbaumstolln 1716–1723 ( location )
- Allerheiligenstolln 1732–1739 ( location )
- Philippstolln 1749–1754 ( location )
- Max-Stolln 1780–1794 ( location )
The deepest one was the Philipp tunnel and represents the transition to the tunnel mining. Ninety meters above it is the Allerheiligen tunnel, the other two are in between.
All four tunnels together formed the Eisenberg mine. In total, the pit was divided into eleven pit fields. The mine was operated as a mining union . The number of Kuxe was 128 in 1818. The trades included the Ulrich , Kropff and Kannegießer families, who were leading in the eastern Sauerland mining , iron production and processing .
The figures on the earnings situation and funding are only partially preserved. Between August 25, 1739 and March 10, 1740, 325 t of iron stone were extracted in the Allerheiligenstolln. If you add the already deducted mountain tithes, this results in a production of 577 t in six and a half months. Extrapolated, this results in an annual production of 1065 t. Better series of numbers have been preserved for a somewhat later period. Overall, these show strong fluctuations for the Eisenberg. In 1774 the production was 1021 t, in 1761 it was only 90 t.
In the 18th century, only one or two miners were usually employed per mine field . The fact that the mines only produced a few months of the year and the miners often had to earn additional money as agricultural day laborers or by transporting the ore to the huts in the area, such as the Olsberger Hütte , also speaks for a limited level of income . A total of 40 people were laid out in the mine between 1772 and 1776, it is unclear how many of them also worked underground .
The sources for the 19th century are much better. In 1855, 3108 tons of iron stone were extracted from the Eisenberg. This output was well above other mines in what was then the Brilon mining district . This meant that the Eisenberg was of considerable importance, at least in the regional environment. With an average of 25 miners between 1855 and 1870, production increased to over 4500 tons of iron ore per year at times. A further increase in funding could be achieved from 1879, a doubling of the workforce to an average of 50 miners and the commissioning of a new cable car to the Olsberg train station in 1879 allowed the output to skyrocket to 17,103 t per year.
The Briloner Eisenberg mine was closed on July 15, 1916.
Detail from the ground and Seiger plan of the Allerheiligenstollen. This crack, which was constantly updated between 1820 and 1840, was owned by Richard Weed (drawing, colored ink)
Ground and Seiger plan
Iron ore mining
Cable car to Olsberg station
Show mine
The 1000 m long Philippstolln has been open to interested parties since September 2002. About 600 m are accessible.
Nature reserve
Part of the Eisenberg has been protected since 2004 as the "Eisenberg mit Maxstollen" nature reserve with a size of 9.4 hectares. At the same time, the majority of the nature reserve is part of the ten sub-areas of the European protected areas ( FFH areas ) "Caves and tunnels near Olsberg and Bestwig", whereby of the four tunnels only the Maxstolln is in the nature reserve.
The tunnel complex is an important winter habitat for bats , as the temperature there is 6 to 8 ° C all year round. So far, great mouse-eared bat , small whiskered bat and pond bat have been detected. The forest in the nature reserve consists mainly of old beech forest. In the forest there are some limestone rocks with rare crevice vegetation.
Great spotted woodpecker and gray woodpecker breed in the beech forest , it is unclear whether the black woodpecker observed in the area also breeds there.
literature
- Harald Puhlmann, Bernhard Suermann: The Briloner Eisenberg. Sauerland ore mining in pre-industrial times . In: Stefan Baumeier, Katharina Schlimmgen-Ehmke (ed.): Golden times. Sauerland economic citizens from the 17th to the 19th century. Essen 2001, ISBN 3-89861-006-3 , pp. 24-35.
- Hochsauerlandkreis - Lower Landscape Authority, Olsberg landscape plan, 2004
Individual evidence
- ↑ The most important operating points were: Stollenmundloch ( location ), Forster shaft ( location ), Altes Kreuz shaft ( location ), Neues Kreuz shaft ( location ), Kirschbaum shaft ( location ), Heid shaft ( location ). Map of operating points archive Hans Martin Köster.
- ^ A. Gorelik, G. Steffens (German Mining Museum): Medieval to early modern mining on the Eisenberg von Olsberg , conference report (old) mining and research in NRW , 2012, p. 45ff.
- ↑ Numerical basis: Journal for the mining, metallurgy and saltworks in the Prussian state of the respective years. Archive: Hans Martin Köster.
Map with all coordinates: