Banded jumping spider

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Banded jumping spider
Banded jumping spider (Phlegra fasciata), female

Banded jumping spider ( Phlegra fasciata ), female

Systematics
Class : Arachnids (arachnida)
Order : Spiders (Araneae)
Subordination : Real spiders (Araneomorphae)
Family : Jumping spiders (Salticidae)
Genre : Ground jumping spiders ( Phlegra )
Type : Banded jumping spider
Scientific name
Phlegra fasciata
( Hahn , 1826)

The Banded floor jumping spider or banded bottom Springer ( Phlegra fasciata ), also known as banded or striped jumping spider called, is a spider from the family of jumping spiders (Salticidae). The trivial names come from the visual appearance of the Palearctic species , but the longitudinal ligaments are only clearly visible in the females, and in the males only in rare cases.

features

Several views of a male including the location

The body length of the female of the banded ground jumping spider is from 5.3 to 7.6 and that of the male from 4.3 to 7.4 millimeters. The species is one of the comparatively large jumping spiders in Central Europe.

female

The female has a brown to dark brown prosoma (front body) with a black head and two whitish longitudinal bands on the carapace (back shield of the prosoma ). The eye area is colored black and has a wide dark brown band in the middle. In addition, there are light brown to light red stripes behind the third row of eyes. The carapace is also covered with black hairs that only appear white in the head area. The sternum (breast plate of the prosoma) is colored yellow-brown to light red-brown and also has white and brown hairs. The legs of the female are yellow to orange-brown in color. While almost all limbs appear ringed in black, the femurs (thighs) are instead spotted black. The tarsi (limbs) of the first and second pair of legs are each covered with a scopula (mat made of adhesive hair) up to the first half. The opisthosoma (abdomen) is brown-yellow in color and has three white longitudinal ligaments, one wider one running dorsally and the two lateral ones laterally to the spinnerets . These longitudinal strips narrow towards the rear. The opisthosoma of the female is also covered with hairs that appear brown, whitish or light gray here.

male

In contrast to the female, the male is usually marked with less contrast. Its basic color is black-brown on the dorsal side and shows colorations from brown-red to black on the sides. On the ventral side it is light brown to light red on one half and dark brown to black on the other. There is a light line between these two colors. In lighter specimens, the prosoma appears red-brown and its front black. In this case there is a narrow ring of white hairs around the front eyes. The male's legs are dark brown in color, with the femora and tibia of the first pair of legs being almost entirely black. The male is also covered with white or black hairs all over his body. Occasionally, however, it happens that in the male on the prosoma and also on the opisthosoma the longitudinal ligaments are present as in the female.

Similar species

Males of the closely related species Phlegra bresnieri

In southern Europe there are other species of the ground jumping spider ( Phlegra ) that are similar to the banded ground jumping spider. The same applies to other species of jumping spiders that are not closely related to the banded ground jumping spider.

Occurrence

Female in Latvia's capital Riga

The banded jumping spider occurs in a large distribution area, which extends from Europe over many parts of Asia to eastern Russia . The species is also the only ground jumping spider that occurs in Central and Northern Europe .

habitat

Lean grass in the old Karlsruhe airfield , which has now been converted into a nature reserve , one of the many habitats of the banded spring spider.

The species loves warmth ( xerophilous ) and is accordingly represented in dry and sunny habitats , including various dry grasslands. In addition, the banded jumping spider also lives in sandy areas or dry gravel areas near the banks of water and can also be found on stones. On the other hand, it occurs less often in the mountains.

Threat and protection

The banded jumping spider can often be found in suitable habitats in many places and is therefore not threatened. In the Red List of Threatened Species of Animals, Plants and Fungi in Germany , it is classified in the category "not endangered " and therefore has no protection status. The global population of the species is not assessed by the IUCN .

Way of life

Female on stony ground

Like all jumping spiders, the banded jumping spider is diurnal and, like the other species of the genus Phlegra, prefers to stay on the ground. Despite its frequency, it can often be overlooked there due to its camouflage.

Catching prey

The hunting behavior also corresponds to that of other jumping spiders. Prey animals are perceived with the very well developed eyes. If one of these is sighted, the spider creeps up to it and jumps at it as soon as it comes within range. A poison bite that occurs at the same time as it leaps onto the prey then paralyzes it and enables the spider to consume it. The prey spectrum is made up of other arthropods .

Phenology and reproduction

Adult females of the banded ground jumping spider can be found from April to October, while adult males can only be found between May and August. The reproductive behavior does not differ significantly from that of other jumping spiders. If a male willing to mate has found a female, it performs a courtship dance in which it approaches the female with the raised legs of the first pair of legs and moves its legs back and forth to the side. Some time after mating, the soaking creates an egg cocoon , which it guards until it hatches.

Systematics

First descriptor Carl Wilhelm Hahn named the species Attus fasciatus in 1826 . In 1832, however, he placed them in the genus Salticus within the jumping spider family (Salticidae). The current name Phlegra fasciata was only given by Eugène Simon in 1876 and this name has been used almost continuously since 1903. The banded jumping spider is also the type of the genus of the jumping spider ( Phlegra ).

Other synonyms are:

  • Attus fasciatus rooster , 1826
  • Salticus fasciatus Hahn , 1832
  • Attus niger Sundevall , 1833
  • Attus divisus Walckenaer , 1837
  • Euophrys aprica C. L. Koch , 1846
  • Parthenia fasciata C. L. Koch , 1850
  • Ino nigra Simon , 1864
  • Attus subfasciatus Simon , 1868
  • Attus luteofasciatus Simon , 1871
  • Aelurops fasciata Thorell , 1873
  • Aelurops nobilis L. Koch , 1876
  • Ictidops fasciata Bertkau , 1880
  • Yllenus fasciata Dahl , 1883
  • Phlegra delesserti leg , 1918

gallery

  • Dorsal view of a female

  • Frontal view of a female

  • Latin view of a female

  • Illustration of the banded jumping spider and other jumping spiders from Monographia Aranearum - Monograph of the spiders by Carl Wilhelm Hahn from 1820.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Phlegra fasciata (Hahn, 1826) at araneae Spiders of Europe, by Wolfgang Nentwig, Theo Blick, Robert Bosmans, Daniel Gloor, Ambros Hänggi & Christian Kropf , accessed on March 8, 2020.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Phlegra fasciata (Hahn, 1826) at www.natur-in-nrw.de , accessed on March 8, 2020.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g Heiko Bellmann: The cosmos spider guide. Over 400 species in Europe. 2nd Edition. Kosmos Naturführer, Kosmos (Franckh-Kosmos), 2016, ISBN 978-3-440-14895-2 , p. 304.
  4. ↑ a b Phlegra fasciata (Hahn, 1826) in the WSC World Spider Catalog , accessed March 8, 2020.
  5. ↑ Phlegra fasciata (Hahn, 1826) at the Wiki der Arachnologische Gesellschaft e. V. , accessed on March 8, 2020.
  6. ↑ Phlegra fasciata (Hahn, 1826) at the Red List Center , accessed on March 8, 2020.
  7. ↑ Phlegra fasciata (Hahn, 1826) at Global Biodiversity Information Facility , accessed on March 8, 2020.

literature

  • Carl Wilhelm Hahn : monograph of the spiders. Booklet 4, Lechner, Nuremberg 1826 (first description)
  • Heiko Bellmann: The cosmos spider guide. Over 400 species in Europe. 2nd Edition. Kosmos Naturführer, Kosmos (Franckh-Kosmos), 2016, ISBN 978-3-440-14895-2 .

Web links

Commons : Banded Jumping Spider  - Collection of images, videos and audio files