Rousseau made his debut in the World Cup on January 9, 1997 at Mont Tremblant , where he finished 32nd. He won his first World Cup points two weeks later as 14th in Breckenridge . On January 16, 1999, he achieved the first podium finish as runner-up in the dual moguls competition in Steamboat Springs . Two months later he took part in the world championships for the first time. In the 1999/2000 World Cup season, Rousseau achieved two more podium places, and in the 2000/01 season he was on the podium three times. At the 2001 World Championships in Whistler , he won the silver medal in the Moguls competition behind the Finn Mikko Ronkainen .
In January 2002, Rousseau fell seriously while training before the World Cup competition in Saint-Lary-Soulan and suffered a cervical vertebra injury . Two cervical vertebrae had to be connected together in an operation. In December 2002 Rousseau returned to the World Cup after several months of therapy and immediately finished fifth in Tignes . On January 11, 2003, he achieved his first World Cup victory at Mont Tremblant. Another win followed five weeks later. In total, he achieved six podiums in the 2002/03 season. In the 2003/04 season there were two more podium places, in the winter of 2004/05 a fifth place remained his best result.
Since he showed only mediocre performance at the beginning of winter 2005/06, Rousseau could not qualify for the 2006 Winter Olympics; a podium place he managed only at the end of the season. In the 2006/07 season he achieved two podiums in the World Cup. At the 2007 World Cup in Madonna di Campiglio , he celebrated the greatest success of his career when he won the gold medal in the Mughal competition. At the start of the 2007/08 World Cup season, Rousseau won in Tignes, otherwise his performance this winter was inconsistent. The 2008/09 season was similar: After winning the first World Cup competition in Méribel , the results were again inconsistent.
Rousseau qualified for the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver . He finished fifth there, which was also his best result of the season. In the 2010/11 season he was classified twice on a podium.