Pierre de Saint-Priest d'Épinac
Pierre de Saint-Priest d'Épinac (born May 10, 1540 in Apinac , † January 10, 1599 in Lyon ) was Archbishop of Lyon and one of the leading figures of the Catholic League .
biography
Pierre is the third son of Pierre de Saint-Priest († 1556), Seigneur d'Espinac and Lieutenant-général du Roi for Burgundy, and Guicharde d'Albon, sister of the Archbishop of Lyon Antoine d'Albon .
He was destined for the clergy and trained in Toulouse , where he received his doctorate as "Docteur en l'un et l'autre droit" ( civil law and canon law ). In 1559 he was Chamarier (i.e. responsible for the guards and the combing) and in 1569 dean of the cathedral of Lyon . He was Abbot of Île Barbe and Saint-Martin d'Ainay , and Prior of Saint-Rambert.
Antoine d'Albon gave up his office as archbishop in 1573 in favor of his nephew, which at the suggestion of Pope Gregory XIII. was accepted by the king. Pierre d'Éspinac took office on October 2, 1574. In 1577 he published new Synodal Statutes, in which the regulations of the Council of Trent were incorporated.
Pierre d'Éspinac took part in the États généraux , which met from December 6, 1576 to March 5, 1577 in the Great Hall of Blois Castle , and at which the edicts in favor of the Huguenots were revoked. In 1579 he was - as Primate of Gaul - chairman of the clerical assembly in Melun . King Henry III also used him for embassies in England. From 1589 to 1590 he was the governor of Paris appointed by the League (his predecessor had died on May 17, 1589, his successor Charles-Emmanuel de Savoie-Nemours in office on May 20, 1590) - during his time the king was murdered Henry III. and with it the accession to the throne of Henry IV , who, as a member of the Catholic League - although moderate - saw him as his opponent.
In the following years he came into conflict in Lyon with Charles-Emmanuel de Savoie, who had also withdrawn to Lyon, since he had been governor there since the end of 1588 when he tried to make the Lyonnais an independent principality for himself. Pierre d'Épinac was able to imprison the Savoy in the Pierre Scize castle in Lyon (1593), from where he managed to escape (1594). Charles-Emmanuel de Savoie then tried to conquer Lyon, but this was prevented by the Connétable de Montmorency .
During the nine years that Pierre d'Épinac stayed in Paris, he often stayed at the Château d'Ombreval in Vimy , which he and his sister Claude, Dame de Grésolles, had acquired in 1586 and converted in the following years; the plant had to be sold immediately after the archbishop's death in order to pay his debts (Ombreval was acquired by Jean Livet, the secretary of the late archbishop, who had managed in his office to divert the necessary capital at the expense of his employer).
Pierre d'Épinac died on January 10, 1599 in his episcopal palace in Lyon. He was buried on January 13 in the Sainte-Madeleine chapel of the cathedral.
Works
- Harangue prononcé devant le roy, séant en ses Estats Généraux à Bloys, par Révérend père en Dieu, Messire Pierre d'Epinac, archevesque comte de Lyon, Primat des Gaules, au nom de l'Estat ecclésiastique de France. En laquelle le doctissime orateur a sagement remonstré ce qui doit estre faict, pour mettre fin aux guerres et miséres, qui ont si longtemps vexé ce Royaume de France , Bordeaux, Simon Millanges, 1577,
- Ordonnances contenant le reiglement provisionnal, pour l'exercice de la justice spirituelle et ecclesiastique, des Cours de la Primace, et autres de l'Archevesché et diocese de Lyon, fait par Pierre de Pinac, archevesque et comte de Lyon , Lyon: Jacques Roussin , 1581
- Response de par Messieurs de Guyse, à un advertissement , 1585
- Lettres du Roy, escrites à ... Messire Pierre d'Épinac, archevesque & comte de Lyon, primat des Gaules, & conseiller du Roy en son Conseil d'Estat, ensemble l'exhortation faicte par mondit seigneur le révérendissime, au peuple de son diocèse, pour rendre graces à Dieu de l'heureuse bénédiction donnee par nostre S. Père le Pape Clément VIII au Roy tres-chrestien Henry, IIII. Roy de France & de Navarre , Lyon: Thibaud Ancelin et Guichard Jullieron, 1595
- Mandement de Monseigneur l'archevesque, comte de Lyon pour le faict de la paix, avec la lettre du Roy (Saint-Germain-en-Laye; June 10, 1598), Lyon: Jacques Roussin, 1598
- Chansons spiritual ; Antoine du Verdier reports that these songs were composed in music by Gilles Maillard, but not printed and are now lost
literature
- François Grudé de La Croix Du Maine, Antoine du Verdier, La Bibliothèque françoise , Paris, 1584, new edition Paris, 1772, by Jean-Antoine Rigoley de Juvigny.
- Pierre Richard, Pierre d'Épinac, archevêque de Lyon (1573-1599): la Papauté et la Ligue française , Paris / Lyon, Alphonse Picard et fils / A. Effantin, 1901
Remarks
- ↑ The caption according to which Jean de Morvillier, Bishop of Orléans and 1568 Garde des Sceaux, is shown here, is now considered incorrect
- ^ Jean-Pierre Babelon, Nouvelle Histoire de Paris - Paris au XVIe siècle , Diffusion Hachette, 1986, p. 525ff Gouverneurs et Lieutenants-généraux de Paris et d'Île-de-France
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Epinac, Pierre de Saint-Priest d ' |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French nobleman, Archbishop of Lyon, Primate of Gaul |
| DATE OF BIRTH | May 10, 1540 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Apinac |
| DATE OF DEATH | January 10, 1599 |
| Place of death | Lyon |