Pindolol
Structural formula | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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( R ) -pindolol (top) and ( S ) -pindolol (bottom), 1: 1 stereoisomeric mixture | ||||||||||||||||||||||
General | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-proprietary name | Pindolol | |||||||||||||||||||||
other names |
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Molecular formula | C 14 H 20 N 2 O 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Drug information | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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properties | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Molar mass | 248.32 g · mol -1 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Physical state |
firmly |
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Melting point |
167-171 ° C |
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solubility |
Water: 7880 mg l −1 at 25 ° C |
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safety instructions | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Toxicological data | ||||||||||||||||||||||
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . |
Pindolol is a drug from the group of beta blockers and is used, among other things, to treat arterial hypertension (high blood pressure). It can also be used in rescue medicine to treat supraventricular tachycardia that can occur after administration of nitroglycerin .
Clinical information
Pindolol belongs to the group of nonselective beta blockers because it does not specifically bind to the β 1 -adrenoceptors . The relative potency compared to propranolol is 5. Pindolol has intrinsic sympathomimetic activity ( ISA ), as do the beta blockers acebutolol and oxprenolol . In contrast to beta blockers without ISA, beta blockers with ISA do not have a beneficial effect on myocardial infarction. Beta blockers with ISA are said to lead to sleep disorders more often than beta blockers without ISA.
Responsiveness
Even when taken as intended, the ability to react can be so reduced that active participation in road traffic or the use of machines is not recommended.
Pharmacological properties
Pharmacokinetics
The fat-soluble pindolol is well absorbed after oral intake and has a plasma half-life of 3 to 6 hours. It is subject to a lower first-pass effect than propranolol, its bioavailability is very variable and fluctuates between 40 and 90%. The plasma protein binding of pindolol is 60%. 40% of the pindolol is excreted in the kidneys.
Other Information
Stereochemistry
The importance of the enantiomeric purity of the synthetically produced active ingredients is being given increasing attention, because the two enantiomers of a chiral drug almost always show different pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. In the past, this was often ignored due to a lack of knowledge of stereochemical relationships. In this respect it is worth mentioning that pindolol is used as a racemate . The active stereoisomer ( eutomer ) is the ( S ) form of pindolol.
Trade names
Glauco-Stulln (D), Viskaldix (D, CH), Visken (D, A, CH)
Viskenite (A)
literature
- T. Karow / R. Lang-Roth: General and special pharmacology and toxicology . 2003 p. 62 - p. 66
- G. Herold: Internal Medicine 2004
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Entry on pindolol in the ChemIDplus database of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM)
- ↑ a b data sheet pindolol from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on April 20, 2011 ( PDF ).
- ↑ EJ Ariëns, Stereochemistry, a basis for sophisticated nonsense in pharmacokinetics and clinical pharmacology , European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 26 (1984) 663-668. PMID 6092093 .
- ↑ Joni Agustiana, Azlina Harun Kamaruddina, Subhash Bhatiaa: Single enantiomeric β-blockers — The existing technologies , Process Biochemistry 45 ( 2010 ) 1587-1604.