Pinus remota
| Pinus remota | ||||||||||||
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Pinus remota |
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| ( Little ) DKBailey & Hawksw. |
Pinus remota is a plant from the genus of pine trees ( Pinus ) within the family of the Pinaceae (Pinaceae). The natural disjoint area is in Mexico and Texas. It is classified as "not endangered" inthe IUCN Red List .
description
Appearance
Pinus remota grows as an evergreen tree or shrub and reaches heights of 3 to 9 meters. The trunk reaches chest height diameters of 15 to 40 centimeters, it is short, twisted and usually branches just above the ground. The trunk bark is gray to blackish gray, thick, rough, scaly and flakes off in thin, small plates. Older trees are furrowed vertically in the lower part of the trunk. The branches are spread out or ascending, the outermost branches are strong and ascending. Young shoots are rough due to protruding, non-running pulvini .
Buds and needles
The scale sheets are gray, about 5 millimeters long, sub-like and bent back. The vegetative buds are ovate to ovoid-cylindrical, not resinous or sometimes slightly resinous. Terminal buds are 5 to 7 millimeters long, lateral ones are shorter.
The needles usually grow in pairs, less often in threes, in needle sheaths that are initially about 5 millimeters long, which soon fall off and do not bend back and form a rosette. The needles are slightly curved to sickle-shaped, stiff, sometimes mostly 3 to 4.5 (2 to 5.5) centimeters long and 0.8 to 1.1 millimeters wide, with entire margins and pointy to pointy. The abaxial side is matt light green or yellowish green, the adaxial side is slightly glaucous and shows inconspicuous stomata lines . Two to three seldom to five resin canals are formed. The needles stay on the tree for four to five years.
Cones and seeds
The pollen cones, which are initially pink to purple and later turn light yellow, are ovate to rounded and 4 to 5 millimeters long.
The seed cones grow singly or sometimes in pairs on 5 to 8 millimeters long, thin and curved stems. Fully grown cones are closed and rounded and sometimes only 2, usually 2.5 to 4 centimeters long with a diameter of 3 to 6 centimeters when open. The seed scales open wide, but the scales near the base remain connected to each other. The scales are irregularly shaped, only loosely attached to the rachis and have rolled edges and one or two deep hollows that contain the seeds. The apophysis is sometimes shiny, light to reddish brown, significantly raised, transversely or radially keeled, and has an irregular rhombic or pentagonal outline with an angular or irregular upper edge. The umbo is dorsal. It is flat or indented and reinforced with a small, sloping sting . The cones mature within two years.
The light-ocher-colored with a gray hue seeds are obovate or ellipsoidal with a length of 12 to 16 millimeters and a diameter of 8 to 10 millimeters. The integument is very thin at 0.1 to 0.4 millimeters. The seeds initially have a rudimentary wing, some of which remains on the seed scale when the developed seed is released.
Distribution, locations and endangerment
The natural disjoint area of Pinus remota is in the Mexican states of northeast to southeast Chihuahua , Coahuila and in the extreme west of Nuevo León and in the United States only in Texas on the Edwards Plateau and along the Rio Grande .
The locations are not connected. Pinus remota usually thrives at altitudes of 1200 to 1600 and sometimes up to 1850 meters, but also at lower altitudes on the Edwards Plateau, for example 450 meters. They can only be found in ravines and rocky mountain slopes, often on chalky subsoil, in dry areas where other pines and junipers are difficult to establish themselves. The annual rainfall is between 300 and 400 millimeters, but varies greatly from year to year. In December and January there is usually frost . The distribution area is assigned to winter hardiness zone 8 with mean annual minimum temperatures of −12.2 to −6.7 ° Celsius (10 to 20 ° Fahrenheit ).
Pinus remota is sometimes found together with Pinus cembroides and less often with Pinus arizonica var. Stormiae , common are the solitary juniper ( Juniperus monosperma ) and in the northern part of the range Juniperus ashei . There are also representatives of the oak ( Quercus ), the genus Quercocarpus and other semi-desert plant species such as Agave lechuguilla , species of the genus Opuntia ( Opuntia spec.) And Fouquieria splendens .
In the Red List of the IUCN is Pinus remota as "not at risk" classified (= "Least Concern"). The locations are not contiguous, but the distribution area is very large, so that no hazard can be derived from them. There is also no evidence of a decline in stocks. Several populations are in protected areas, with most of the others in remote areas.
Systematics
It was first described in 1966 as the variety Pinus cembroides var. Remota Little by Elbert Luther Little in Wrightia magazine , Volume 3; Issue 8, page 183. This taxon was given the rank of a species in 1979 by Dana K. Bailey and Frank Goode Hawksworth Phytologia Volume 44, Issue 3, page 129. James E. Eckenwalder presented this taxon as a variety Pinus culminicola var. Remota to the species Pinus culminicola . Robert Kral does not see the populations in the Flora of North America 1993 as a separate taxon and classifies them as Pinus cembroides , but does not assign them the status of a variety either. Another synonym for Pinus remota is Pinus catarinae Passini . The specific epithet remota comes from Latin and means "distant", it refers to the large gaps between the needle bundles.
The species Pinus remota belongs to the subsection Cembroides from the section Parrya in the subgenus Strobus within the genus Pinus .
use
The use as firewood or the edible seeds is mostly incidental or only to a very limited extent due to the remote distribution. The seeds are harvested and traded together with the seeds of other pine species. Pinus remota is not used as an ornamental plant, but it can be found in some botanical gardens.
swell
literature
- Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers . tape 2 . Brill, Leiden-Boston 2010, ISBN 978-90-04-17718-5 , pp. 609, 750-751 .
- James E. Eckenwalder: Conifers of the World. The Complete Reference . Timber Press, Portland, OR / London 2009, ISBN 978-0-88192-974-4 , pp. 425 .
- Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 2: Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 1993, ISBN 0-19-508242-7 (English).
- Dana K. Bailey, Frank Goode Hawksworth: Pinyons of the Chihuahuan Desert region. In: Phytologia , Volume 44, 1979, pp. 129-133.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers. Volume 2, p. 750
- ↑ a b James E. Eckenwalder: Conifers of the World , p. 425
- ↑ a b c d e Christopher J. Earle: Pinus remota. In: The Gymnosperm Database. www.conifers.org, 2019, accessed April 25, 2019 (English).
- ↑ a b c Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers. Volume 2, p. 751
- ↑ Pinus remota in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2013. Posted by: A. Farjon, 2011. Accessed November 13, 2013.
- ↑ a b c Pinus remota at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Retrieved April 25, 2019.
- ^ Robert Kral: Pinus cembroides , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 2: Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 1993, ISBN 0-19-508242-7 .
- ↑ Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 , p. 531 (reprint from 1996).
- ^ Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers. Volume 2, p. 609
Web links
- Vascular Plants of the Americas : Pinus remota at Tropicos.org. In: 83 . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis