Presidente Sarmiento (ship)
The ARA Presidente Sarmiento (ARA represents Spanish Armada de la República Argentina , fleet of the Argentine Republic ' ) or Fragata ARA Presidente Sarmiento ( "frigate ARA Presidente Sarmiento") is a full-rigged ship ( rahgetakelter Dreimaster) used as the training ship of the Argentine Navy served and today as a museum ship in the port and district of Puerto Madero in Buenos Aires . The ship was named after the Argentine President Domingo Faustino Sarmiento , who founded the country's first naval school ( Escuela de Náutica , from 1873 Escuela Naval Militar ) in 1872 .
The Presidente Sarmiento was built by order of the Argentine Navy at the English shipyard Laird Brothers in Birkenhead according to plans by Commodore Martín Rivadavia based on the type of American clipper (allegedly after the three-time winner of the tea regatta, HMS Clive) as a sailing training ship. The Argentine Navy had been using ships for training purposes since 1893. The Presidente Sarmiento, however, became the first Argentine ship that - despite being armed with modern rapid-fire guns - was designed specifically for this purpose. It was designed as a sailing ship and additionally equipped with four steam boilers and a triple expansion steam engine; The Presidente Sarmiento was able to bunker 300 tons of coal for their consumption. The cost of building the ship was £ 120,000 .
On August 31, 1897, the Presidente Sarmiento was launched . On her maiden voyage she set out on January 12, 1899 under Captain Onofre Betbeder and did not return to Argentina until October 30 of the following year.
The cadets on the Presidente Sarmiento, mostly young men of 21 years of age, first had to complete a five-year training course at the Argentine Escuela Naval before they could go on one of the twelve-month voyages on the ship. During the time on board, in addition to nautical work and artillery exercises, they also had to master lessons in 26 subjects from mathematics to foreign languages. At the end of the training trip, they had to prove what they had learned in an exam.
In addition to his training mission, the Presidente Sarmiento was also on the road as Argentina's ambassador: Tsar Nicholas II , Kaiser Wilhelm II , President Friedrich Ebert and the American Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and William Taft (USA) came on board the ship. The Presidente Sarmiento traveled to the coronations of the English kings Edward VII and George V and the Spanish king Alfonso XIII. on. The ship also took part in the celebrations of the opening of the Panama Canal (1914) and Mexico's celebrations for the 100th anniversary of independence (1910). In 1905 in Japan, the on-board music group of the Presidente Sarmiento probably brought the tango to Tokyo Bay for the first time with a performance of Angel Villoldo's La morocha . In 1923 the film production company Vera-Filmwerke shot the documentary The Argentine school ship Presidente Sarmiento visits Germany .
On April 18, 1938, the Presidente Sarmiento returned from her last great voyage under Luis Malerba. On 39 journeys in an always peaceful mission, she had covered 1,100,000 nautical miles (2,035,000 kilometers), a distance that corresponds to about 50 orbits around the world. 23,000 cadets and officers had been trained on the ship during this time.
From 1939 the Presidente Sarmiento only ran out on shorter, 14-day training trips. In the 1950s she still sailed the waters of the Río de la Plata and the Río Paraná and Uruguay . She was last used in 1961 as a training ship for cadets of lower rank of the Naval School Escuela de Marinería and for mate training. It is also depicted on the Argentine five peso coin minted from 1961.
On June 18, 1962, the Presidente Sarmiento was declared a National Historic Monument ( Monumento Histórico Nacional ) and converted into a museum ship on May 22, 1964. The Libertad took over the service as an Argentine sailing training ship .
Since November 1994 the ship has been permanently moored in harbor basin III of the port and district of Puerto Madero in Buenos Aires. In addition to some ship equipment, information about the voyages and an exhibition about the Argentine Navy, there are also some curiosities such as a piece of the Great Wall of China and the mummy of the former ship's dog Lampazo.
For the 100th birthday of Presidente Sarmiento in 1997, the Argentine Post issued three postage stamps on October 4, 1997 (two of them as a stamp block ); two of the stamps showed the ship under sail, a third showed the figurehead .
Ship data
| hull | Steel, clad in teak up to the waterline |
| anchor | four at the bow (2350 kg each) and two at the stern (650 or 250 kg) |
| Chimneys | two periscope chimneys |
| figurehead | Personification of the Republic of Argentina |
| displacement | 2733 tons |
| length | 85.5 m |
| width | 13.32 m |
| Draft | 5.94 m |
| Height of the main mast above the keel | 54.3 m |
| sail | previously 21 regular (approx. 2230 m² sail area ) and 12 additional sails, still a (folded) headsail today |
| Boiler system | four boilers |
| Auxiliary drive | Triple expansion steam engine with 1800 hp |
| propeller | one, (bronze) |
| Speed under machine | 13 knots , cruising speed 6 knots |
| crew | previously 32 officers, 40 cadets and 275 men |
| original armament | four Armstrong rapid fire guns (caliber 120 mm / 8.8 km range) six rapid fire guns (caliber 57 mm) |
Web links
- Presidente Sarmiento on the website of the working group historical shipbuilding e. V. (Photos with comments on the ship's equipment, German)
- Comisión Náutica Fragata Sarmiento y Corbeta Uruguay ( Memento of September 21, 2005 in the Internet Archive ), including a historical picture (1910) of the Presidente Sarmiento ( Memento of September 29, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (Spanish)
- Photos of the Presidente Sarmiento on www.bildungsservice.at ( Memento from December 21, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
Coordinates: 34 ° 36 ′ 31 ″ S , 58 ° 21 ′ 56 ″ W.
Individual evidence
- ↑ (August 31, 1997): Hoy la fragata Presidente Sarmiento cumple cien años. Clarín.com Edición Domingo; Retrieved February 3, 2007
- ^ Amount according to (August 31, 1997): Hoy la fragata Presidente Sarmiento cumple cien años. Clarín.com Edición Domingo ; according to the Spanish Wikipedia, however, 143,143 pounds sterling (both accessed February 3, 2007)
- ↑ Captain Hugo Dietrich, director of the museum ship Presidente Sarmiento 1997, according to (August 31, 1997): Hoy la fragata Presidente Sarmiento cumple cien años. Clarín.com Edición Domingo (accessed February 3, 2007)
The original version of this article, dated February 3, 2007, is largely based on the corresponding article on the Spanish language Wikipedia in the version of January 5, 2007 , which in turn included Carlos Vigil: Los Monumentos y lugares históricos de la Argentina. Editorial Atlántida, 1968.