Prontuario dei nomi locali dell'Alto Adige

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The Prontuario dei nomi locali dell'Alto Adige , in German about "Reference book of place names Oberetsch ( South Tyrol )", is a list of Italianized place names in South Tyrol, which was published in 1916 by the Reale Società Geografica Italiana . This directory, usually only briefly called Prontuario , became an important Italianization tool of fascist politics and still forms the basis of the official place and field names in South Tyrol today . The German-speaking population complains that names that have not evolved over time but that have been translated and freely invented have been incorporated.

History of origin

Already in the 1890 years began Ettore Tolomei so, the German and Ladin translate South Tyrolean place names into Italian, to the right of Italy to support to South Tyrol. In 1916 , one year after Italy entered the First World War , a commission was set up at Tolomei's instigation to translate the place names of the "area to be conquered". Within 40 days, this commission - consisting of Tolomei himself, the botany and chemistry professor Ettore De Togni and the librarian Vittorio Baroncelli - translated about 12,000 place and field names on the basis of Tolomei's superficial studies. In June 1916 this list was published as Volume XV, Part II of the Memorie of the Reale Società Geografica Italiana and in the yearbook Archivio per l'Alto Adige, con Ampezzo e Livinallongo founded by Tolomei . In 1923 , four years after the annexation of South Tyrol, a royal decree decreed the Italianization of place names, the basis of which was the Prontuario . In 1940 it finally became the official name book of South Tyrol through Ministerial Decree Benito Mussolini . The original place and field names were only reintroduced after the end of the Second World War , but still do not have the same legal status as the Italian translations, even if they are first mentioned on place-name signs in predominantly German-speaking places today.

Procedure for the translation

Tolomei used several methods to translate the place names, as he explained in his introduction to the Prontuario :

  1. Use of existing Italian place names: z. B. ( Bozen - Bolzano , Meran - Merano )
  2. Use of the names of old Roman settlements: e.g. B. Vipiteno for Sterzing due to the Roman settlement Vipitenum (although the exonym Sterzen already existed)
  3. Phonetic reduction: The name was Italianized (mostly with another ending), e.g. B. Brennero for Brenner or Moso for moss
  4. Literal translation: e.g. B. Lago Verde for Grünsee ; while there were errors, it was Linsberg with Monte Luigi , so Luisenberg translated
  5. Use of the church patron as a name: e.g. B. San Candido for Innichen
  6. Geographical description: e.g. B. Colle Isarco (hill on the Eisack ) for Gossensaß

literature

  • Egon Kühebacher (1978): The "Prontuario dei nomi locali dell'Alto Adige" by Ettore Tolomei . In: Der Schlern 52, pp. 191–207.
  • Johannes Kramer (1996): The Italianization of the South Tyrolean place names and the Polonization of the East German toponomics . In: Romance Studies in Past and Present 2 (1), pp. 45–62.
  • Fabrizio Bartaletti (2002): Geografia, toponomastica e identità culturale: il caso del Sudtirolo . In: Miscellanea di storia delle esplorazioni XXVII, Genova, pp. 271-315.
  • Rolf Steininger (2003): South Tyrol: a minority conflict of the twentieth century . New Brunswick, NJ, USA: Transaction Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7658-0800-4 .
  • Francesco Palermo (2012): Riflessioni giuridiche sulla disciplina della toponomastica nella Provincia autonoma di Bolzano. In: Regional civil society in motion / Cittadini innanzi tutto. Festschrift for-scritti in onore di Hans Heiss. Edited by Hannes Obermair , Stephanie Risse and Carlo Romeo . Vienna-Bozen: Folio. ISBN 978-3-852566184 , pp. 343-354.
  • Miro Tasso (2018): Il lavacro dei cognomi altoatesini: Ettore Tolomei e il fallito progetto di onomasticidio di Stato. Con l'elenco dei 5365 cognomi altoatesini da italianizzare. Editum Per Me Ipsum: Venezia ( Online ).

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