Pseudograins
Pseudograins (also: pseudocereals ) are grains of plant species that do not belong to the sweet grass family ( Poaceae = all true cereals ), but are used in a similar way to cereals. The seeds are usually rich in starch , protein , minerals and fat . They do not have any self-baking ability , such as wheat or rye , but are otherwise used in a similar way to cereals. In Central Europe, pseudo-grains on high-yielding locations are not competitive with the crops usually grown here. They have a low level of income and, due to large fluctuations in income, have little income security. In addition, some are heat-loving (quinoa, amaranth); So far, there are no adapted varieties available for cultivation in Germany (as of 2012).
All pseudocereals are gluten-free and therefore suitable as diet foods for people with celiac disease . Buckwheat, amaranth and quinoa can also be processed into malt.
species
The most important pseudograins are (according to the worldwide harvest):
- Buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum ) - knotweed family . World harvest 2017: 3.83 million tons.
- Quinoa , even quinoa called ( Chenopodium quinoa ) - from the kind of goose feet in the family of amaranthaceae . World harvest 2017: 146,735 tons.
- Amaranth ( Amaranthus ) - Foxtail family
other types:
- in the foxtail family
- Garden Foxtail ( Amaranthus caudatus) , also: Kiwicha
- Panicle Foxtail ( Amaranthus cruentus )
- Mourning Foxtail ( Amaranthus hypochondriacus )
- Brandschopf ( Celosia ); Silver burnt ( Celosia argentea )
- White goosefoot ( Chenopodium album ) - (Foxtail family see left - in a broader sense)
- Berlandier's goose foot ( Chenopodium berlandieri )
- Kañiwa or Cañihua ( Chenopodium pallidicaule )
- Apamarga ( Achyranthes aspera )
- Besen-Radmelde
- from other plant families:
- Chia ( Salvia hispanica ) - is a plant from the genus of sage (Salvia) within the family of Labiatae
- California Chia ( Salvia columbariae )
Characteristics of the main pseudograins
| feature | Buckwheat | Quinoa | amaranth |
|---|---|---|---|
| Plant type | C3 | C3 | C4 |
| Minimum germ temperature (° C) | 5-8 | 5-7 | 10-12 |
| Thousand grain mass (g) | 15-30 | 1-3 | 0.5-2 |
| Plant height (cm) | 50-60 | 100-150 | 100-200 |
| Grain yield (dt / ha) | 15-20 | 10-45 | 2-60 |
| Vegetation duration (days) | 100-120 | 100-140 | 120-150 |
literature
- Walter Aufhammer : Pseudograins - buckwheat, quinoa and amaranth. Origin, use and cultivation . Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3189-7 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Thomas Miedaner, Friedrich Longin: Underestimated cereal types - Einkorn, Emmer, Dinkel & Co. Agrimedia, 2012, ISBN 978-3-86263-079-0 .
- ↑ World Harvest 2017, FAO statistics accessed on February 8, 2019.
- ^ Wolfgang Franke : Nutzpflanzenkunde. 3. Edition. Georg Thieme, Stuttgart / New York 1985, ISBN 978-3-13-530403-8 , pp. 105-106.
- ^ Colin W. Wrigley, Harold Corke, Koushik Seetharaman, Jon Faubion: Encyclopedia of Food Grains. Vol. 1, Second Edition, Academic Press, 2016, ISBN 978-0-12-803537-5 , pp. 275-278.
