Fire head
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Silver burnt ( Celosia argentea ) |
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| Celosia | ||||||||||||
| L. |
The genus Brandschopf ( Celosia ) is a genus of plants from the foxtail family (Amaranthaceae) with 30 to 60 species. Their species occur mainly in tropical regions of Africa , but also in Central and South America ( Neotropic ). The best-known species, the silver burnt , is cultivated and has spread worldwide in the tropics and subtropics.
Surname
The botanical name Celosia is derived from the Greek κήλεος ( kileos ), which means 'burning' and refers to the flower color of the red variety of the silver fire-head.
description
They are annual or perennial herbaceous plants with an upright or climbing habit, often woody at the base. The stalked leaves with mostly lanceolate, oval or triangular shape are alternate. They are almost entirely or entirely edged.
The many individual flowers are always terminal and often axillary in ears or panicles , with banded cultivated forms of Celosia argentea often in ridges or feathery clusters. The hermaphrodite flowers have three to five thin and mostly hairless bracts . The stamens of the five stamens are fused with the calyx at the base. There are three or more ovules. The stamp is continuous and 0.2 to 4 millimeters long and has two to three head or awl-shaped scars. Sometimes two, usually three or more seeds arise; they are black and flat.
The chromosome number is n = 9. Some Brandschopf species show pronounced polyploidy , in particular the Silver Brandschopf is tetraploid (4 n = 36) and octoploid (8 n = 72), and Celosia whitei is dodecaploid (12 n = 108).
Occurrence and use
The main distribution area of the Brandschopf species is tropical and subtropical Africa and America. There the plants occur on rivers and in open terrain, as well as in fields. The distribution across the regions:
- Central America : Celosia chiapensis , Celosia digynia , Celosia dioica , Celosia floribunda , Celosia moquini , Celosia nitida , Celosia orcutti , Celosia palmeri , Celosia polystachia , Celosia virgata , Celosia whitei
- South America : Celosia eriantha , Celosia grandifolia , Celosia humbertiana , Celosia longifolia , Celosia major , Celosia persicaria , Celosia salicifolia , Celosia virgata .
- Africa : Celosia anthelminthica , Celosia elegantissima , Celosia fadeniorum , Celosia globosa , Celosia hastata , Celosia isertii , Celosia leptostachya , Celosia linearis , Celosia patentiloba , Celosia schweinfurthiana , Celosia splendens , Celosia trigyna
Only two species are found in the Caribbean ( Celosia nitida ) and two in Asia ( Celosia taitoensis ). Whereby the silver fire-head ( Celosia argentea ) is the only species of the genus that has spread worldwide in the tropics.
Excluding Celosia argentea ( Celosia argentea ) is grown by gardeners in many varieties, which are characterized by genetic fasciation differ significantly in form and color of its inflorescences. Outside of floristry, the silver brandy and two African species ( Celosia isertii , Celosia trigyna ) are cultivated and are used as a spice , food and in herbalism .
Systematics
Here is a selection of the types:
- Silver Burnt ( Celosia argentea L. ): Your home is unknown; possibly it comes from India. It occurs many times naturalized in the tropics. One can differentiate between several varieties and ploidy levels. For example, Celosia argentea var. Cristata (L.) Kuntze (Syn .: Celosia cristata L. )
- Celosia isertii C.C. Towns. (Syn .: Celosia laxa auct.): It is widespread in tropical Africa.
- Celosia leptostachya Benth. : It occurs in Sierra Leone , Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea and in Zaire .
- Celosia odorata Burch. ex Moq. : It was first described from South Africa.
- Celosia persicaria Schinz : It was first described from eastern Peru.
- Celosia spicata (Thouars) Spreng. : It occurs in Madagascar and the Comoros .
- Celosia trigyna L .: It is native to tropical and southern Africa as well as Madagascar and Yemen. Sheis a neophyteon the Cape Verde Islands .
- Celosia whitei W.F. Grant : It is a dodecaploid clan from the complex of Celosia argentea .
ingredients
The leaves of Brandschopf species contain around 80–90 percent water, 20–55 mg / 100 g vitamin C , 10–15 mg / 100 g carotenoids and 2–6 percent protein . On the other hand, they can have 0.2-0.5 percent nitrate and 1-4 percent oxalate .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Missouri Botanical Garden: VAST (VAScular Tropicos) nomenclatural database. Online Database Visited July 16, 2006.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Celosia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
- ^ Flora of North America project: Flora of North America. Vol. 4. Amaranthaceae. P. 406/7. Online version
- ^ Flora of China Project: Flora of China. Vol. 5. Amaranthaceae. P. 416. Online version
- ^ WF Grant: A Cytological Study of Celosia argentea, C. argentea var. Cristata, and Their Hybrids. Botanical Gazette 115/4/1954. Pp. 323-336.
- ↑ P. Nath et al .: Seed protein electrophoresis of wild and cultivated species of Celosia (Amaranthaceae). Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 44/3/1997. Pp. 241-5. doi : 10.1023 / A: 1008670407477
- ^ Johannes Seidemann: World Spice Plants: Economic Usage, Botany, Taxonomy. Springer, 2005. ISBN 3-540-22279-0 , p. 90.
- ↑ Dhan Prakash et al .: Composition and variation in vitamin C, carotenoids, protein, nitrate and oxalate contents in Celosia leaves. In: Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 47/3/1995. Pp. 2-6. doi : 10.1007 / BF01088330
