Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi

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Epicyclic model of the planets from a medieval manuscript of Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi

Qutb ad-Din Mahmud ibn Masud asch-Schirazi , transliterated as Qotboddin Shirāzi ( Arabic قطب الدین محمود بن مسعود الشیرازي, DMG Quṭb ad-Dīn Maḥmūd b. Masʿūd aš-Šīrāzī ; * October 1236 in Shiraz , Iran ; † February 7, 1311 in Tabriz ) was a Persian scientist who worked mainly in Shiraz, Maragha , Juvain, Anatolia ( Konya , Sivas , Malatya ) and Syria. He is known, among other things, for the reviews of Ptolemy's Almagest written with his teacher Nasir ad-Din at-Tusi , the continuation of Alhazen's optical experimentsand for the first correct explanation for the structure of the rainbow . In addition to astronomy and physics , Quṭb ad-Din also dealt extensively with medicine and mathematics , which also included music , as well as with theology and philosophy .

Ash-Shirazi's tomb

Quṭb ad-Din's best-known works on astronomy are the Nihāyat al-idrāk fī dirāyat al-aflāk ("The limits of the penetration of knowledge about the sky") and At-Tuḥfatu-š-šāhīya ("The royal gift") from 1281 the year 1284. Both deal with his model of planetary motion , which was an improvement on the Ptolemaic epicycle model.

In mathematics he wrote a treatise entitled Fī ḥarakāt ad-daḥrağa wa-n-nisba baina-l-mustawā wa-l-munḥanā ("On rolling movements and the relationship between plane and curve"), presumably on elementary cycloid geometry .

Quṭb ad-Din comes from a family that produced many Sufis (Islamic mystics ), and so he worked as such himself. In this role he wrote a famous commentary on Ḥikmatu-l-išrāq by Shahab al-Din Yahya Suhrawardi , an influential work within Sufism. Qutb ad-Din asch-Shirazi's best-known work, however, is the work Durrat al-tāğ li-adurrat ad-dībāğ (“ Crown of Pearls ”) from 1306, written in Persian , which is an extensive treatise on music and that alongside its own contributions also conveys the theories of al-Fārābī and his teacher Safi ad-Din al-Urmawi and contains a complex notation system. The knowledge of speculative mysticism (Arabic ʿirfān ) he acquired through studying with Ṣadr ad-Dīn al-Qūnawī, who in turn is considered one of the best students of Ibn ¡Arab∆ .

He has also written a comment on the Koran .

literature

  • Kaveh Niazi: Quṭb al ‐ Dīn Shīrāzī and the Configuration of the Heavens. A Comparison of Texts and Models. (= Archimedes. 35). Springer, Dordrecht 2014, ISBN 978-94-007-6998-4 .

Web links

credentials

  1. ↑ ES Kennedy: Late Medieval Planetary Theory. In: Isis. Vol. 57, No. 3, Autumn, 1966, pp. 365-378.
  2. ^ Nasser Kanani: Traditional Persian Art Music: History, Musical Instruments, Structure, Execution, Characteristics. 2nd, revised and expanded edition. Gardoon Verlag, Berlin 2012, p. 113.
  3. ^ Hormoz Farhat: The Dastgāh Concept in Persian Music. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1990, ISBN 0-521-30542-X , p. 5.
personal data
SURNAME Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Al-Shirazi
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Persian polymath
DATE OF BIRTH October 1236
PLACE OF BIRTH Shiraz
DATE OF DEATH February 7, 1311
Place of death Tabriz