Radio 100

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Logo of Radio 100

Radio 100 was the first private radio broadcaster from West Berlin at the end of the 1980s . He gained his fame and importance through a left-alternative to left-radical orientation.

history

The station was founded in 1987, started broadcasting on March 1, 1987 and served as a platform for activists from the GDR civil rights movement , among others .

For the first six months, Radio 100 shared the broadcasting slot with the CDU- related broadcaster Hundert, 6 . This played the German national anthem at 7 p.m., shortly before Radio 100 took over the frequency . Radio 100 countered with the sound of flushing the toilet . Initially, the broadcasting time of Radio 100 ended at 11 p.m., and the broadcaster declared that now - with the restart of broadcasting from one hundred, 6 - an "18-hour pause signal" would follow.

After the IFA 1987 another, rather less powerful frequency at the location in West Berlin Kreuzberg - Postscheckamt could be put into operation, joined Radio 100 December 1, 1987 to 103.4 MHz. The transmission time could be extended by two hours, so that it was now broadcast from 5 p.m. to 11 p.m. In the rest of the time, the frequency was used by a commercial, but meaningless radio in Berlin . After Radio in Berlin (or City-Radio ) went bankrupt in the spring of 1989, Radio 100 dared to apply for 24-hour frequency usage. The then responsible Berlin cable council (predecessor of today's MABB) granted the license to Radio 100 , although the generally difficult economic situation of the station, which could hardly post any advertising, was known. The 24-hour program on Radio 100 began in September 1989, again after the end of the IFA special broadcasts, for which the 103.4 MHz frequency was used again.

During the visit of the US President Ronald Reagan in 1987, the broadcasting of Radio 100 was temporarily interrupted after Radio 100 had listened to the police radio of the Berlin police and broadcast a clip.

Well-known programs on Radio 100 were the gay and lesbian radio program Eldoradio , as well as the feminist figurehead Dissonanzen , the daily women’s program.  In addition, various migrant groups were given broadcasting slots that were looked after in the respective languages ​​(including Polish , Kurdish , Turkish and Arabic ) by voluntary editorial groups.

The protection of the Constitution of West Berlin was very interested in the radio, as it was the common platform of the Berlin autonomists, radical left groups and civil rights movements in East Berlin.

From 1988 on, Uli M Schueppel directed and moderated the nightly radio show Slime-Line Show once a week, parallel to his studies at the German Film and Television Academy Berlin, together with the musician Johannes Beck . In October 1989, Schueppel and Beck staged the opening of Berlin's east-west border in a live broadcast two weeks before the real fall of the Berlin Wall . Among other things, they took on highly emotional calls from listeners that were sent directly. The broadcaster then canceled the show.

During the strike at the West Berlin universities in 1988/1989, students broadcast the program Radio 100,000 - The Voice of 100,000 Students , from which the uniRadio Berlin-Brandenburg later developed.

After only one year of full programming and under the circumstances of the dramatic political upheaval in 1989/1990, the station's financial situation deteriorated dramatically. At the end of 1990 employees approached listeners enthusiastically to solicit support. Politically motivated offers, such as those from the SED / PDS , were rejected with a view to the party-political independence and not least the history of the station (see: Radio Glasnost ).

On February 28, 1991, the then managing director Thomas Thimme declared the station insolvent. The broadcasting had to be stopped after Thomas Thimme blocked the studio access in a "night and fog" action and the morning editorial office (dawn) was no longer admitted.

The 103.4 MHz frequency was put out to tender by the cable council, with the French radio company NRJ, which Thimme supported massively, and former Radio 100 employees applying for use. In May 1991 the decision was made in favor of NRJ. The conditions imposed by the Berlin Cable Council with regard to verbal content and consideration of minority broadcasts were never even rudimentarily fulfilled by NRJ, but NRJ never had to fear a license withdrawal, as actually intended in such cases.

After the decision of the cable council, the transmitter including the frequency 103.4 MHz and the managing director Thimme was taken over by NRJ. From mid-August 1991 the operation of a commercial radio station under the name Radio Viva Berlin was broadcast on the frequency . After a short time this station was renamed Energy Berlin .

The filing of bankruptcy, at least according to the assumption of the employees and listeners at the time, was not necessary and Thimme was not entitled to the actual structure of the station. The broadcaster was based on collective decisions, while the managing director was a reference to the legal situation. The bankruptcy filing was the sole decision of the managing director, which was not borne by the employees, who had already collected a large amount of money (around one million DM ) within a few weeks through various donation events to support the radio financially.

Radio glasnost

The one-hour program Radio Glasnost , moderated every month since August 1987 by the later editor-in-chief of Radio Multikulti Ilona Marenbach , was of particular importance for the civil rights movement of the GDR . The impetus for the unique mission was in 1983 forcibly expatriated from the GDR opposition Roland Jahn , who was instrumental in addition to the journalist Dieter Rulff and the middle of 1987 from East Berlin being traveled authors Rüdiger Rosenthal and from Leipzig been traveled Fred Kowasch in the newsroom cooperated. The contributions were organized by, among others, the employee of the East Berlin Environmental Library , Siegbert Schefke . Federal German journalists, diplomats and members of the Bundestag for the Greens smuggled the tape cassettes discussed by the opposition across the border. Original statements from various opposition groups could thus become known to listeners in the GDR unfiltered. In addition to interviews and reports on current disputes and opposition events, songs by music groups undesirable in the SED state were played. Oppositionists from Leipzig such as Katrin Hattenhauer also had their say here. The programs spread in the GDR by means of tape recordings, but did not reach a mass audience, but served as a means of self-assurance, debate and networking among opposition groups.

A defamatory comment in the SED newspaper Neues Deutschland first made many GDR citizens aware of the program. At times, the Stasi tried to prevent the broadcast in East Berlin from being received by jammers . Radio 100 responded by broadcasting the program on other broadcasting stations until the interference broadcasts were stopped. In addition, the Berlin Senate protested against the attacks, which also affected the West Berlin broadcasting area.

Jingles

Some of the StationID jingles were composed by Johannes Schmoelling , who also worked on the sound art show Audionauten . These jingles were spoken by Wolfgang Rennert.

Range and frequency

Radio 100 was terrestrial throughout Berlin and parts of the GDR . Initially, the broadcast was alternating with the transmitter Hundert, 6 on the common frequency 100.6 MHz. Despite its weaker performance (a few kW) and the unfavorable location, this frequency could be received just as well in the GDR as the SFB and RIAS programs . The frequency 103.4 MHz also came from the Kreuzberg transmitter, but with a lower output (around 1–2 kW), so that a significant loss of range was recorded.

literature

  • Fred Kowasch: From the “ Black Channel ” to “Radio Glasnost”. The radio programs of the GDR opposition undermine state media policy. Scientific work to obtain the academic degree of Magister Artium. Free University of Berlin, Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences May 1, 1997
  • Ilko-Sascha Kowalczuk : Freedom and Public. Political samizdat in the GDR 1985–1989. Robert Havemann Society, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-9804920-6-0 , p. 40 f.
  • Ehrhart Neubert : History of the opposition in the GDR 1949–1989. Second, revised, expanded and corrected edition. Ch. Links Verlag, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-89331-294-3 , p. 769
  • Katharina Döbler and Annette Schäfer: The whole chaos live - Radio 100: Time travel into the counter-public. Radiofeature, Deutschlandfunk Kultur 2017

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.jugendopposition.de/index.php?id=1452
  2. ↑ http://squat.net/archiv/berlin/reagan87/ereignisse2.html
  3. ↑ http://mutualmusik.com/artists/johannesbeck/ ; Retrieved May 23, 2012
  4. ↑ Carolin Stroebele: Fall of the Wall: And we greet God on the phone. In: Zeit Online. February 5, 2015, accessed February 5, 2015 .
  5. ↑ http://www.deutschlandradiokultur.de/experimentelles-radio-vor-25-jahren-wie-14-tage-zu-frueh.2156.de.html?dram%3Aarticle_id=302552
  6. ↑ http://www.wpluta.de/public/rx5.htm
  7. ↑ http://www.taz.de/pt/2006/08/31/a0216.1/textdruck
  8. ↑ http://www.deutschlandfunk.de/kleine-sendung-mit-hoher-ffekt.761.de.html?dram:article_id=113912
  9. ↑ Articles and documents on jugendopposition.de Radio Glasnost
  10. ↑ Today operator of www.interpool.tv Süddeutsche Zeitung from July 10, 2007 through Fred Kowasch
  11. ↑ Katrin Hattenhauer about her fears and arrests in autumn 1989 on  jugendopposition.de  ( Federal Center for Political Education  /  Robert Havemann Society  eV), viewed on March 22, 2017.
  12. ↑ Audionaut broadcast about the Audionauts in the Internet Archive
  13. ↑ http://www.deutschlandfunkkultur.de/ursendung-privatradio-in-westberlin-1987-das-ganze-chaos.1020.de.html?dram:article_id=388076 ; Original broadcast on July 17, 2017, accessed on July 17, 2017