Raisa Yakovlevna Golant

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Raisa Yakovlevna Golant ( Russian Раиса Яковлевна Голант ; born July 17 . Jul / 29. July  1885 greg. In Brest-Litovsk ; † 13. July 1953 in Leningrad ) was a Belarusian - Russian neurologist , psychiatrist and university lecturer .

Life

Golant, daughter of a Jewish soap boiler , visited the girls' school Priluki ( Rajon Brest-Litovsk) with completion in 1902. Since her studies in Russia was not possible, she studied at the universities of Brussels , Berlin and Freiburg .

After returning in 1909, Golant worked in the St. Petersburg Clinic for Mental and Nervous Diseases , which had been the Research Institute for Psychoneurology since 1907 under the direction of Vladimir Mikhailovich Bechterews . Golant's main areas of work were neurology and experimental physiology . In 1913, she defended her doctoral dissertation on spinal stiffness . She then became an assistant and senior physician.

In 1928 Golant became head of the Department of Psychiatry at the 2nd Leningrad Medical Institute and remained so until 1948. At the 1937 Congrès international de psychologie in Paris , she lectured on somatic prophylaxis of mental disorders . She looked after the psychiatric clinics in Petrozavodsk , Sverdlovsk and Pskov .

Golant's main research areas were psychoses , the mental disorders associated with avitaminoses , marasmus , essential hypertension and traumatic brain injuries . Under her leadership, changes in the cerebrospinal fluid were examined with a view to diagnosing the neurolues . This was of particular importance in view of the exclusively psychological diagnosis of schizophrenia at that time . Symptoms of epidemic encephalitis were examined . Unlike many authors, Golant differentiated between schizophrenia and schizoid personality disorder . She also looked at Alzheimer's disease .

At the joint meeting of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR and the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR in 1950 on the teachings of Ivan Petrovich Pavlov to combat Western influences on Russian physiology, Golant, Alexander Solomonovich Schmarjan , Mikhail Osipovich Gurevich and others were violently attacked. Andrei Wladimirowitsch Sneschnewski , in particular , accused them of an anti-Pavlov stance and of damaging Russian psychiatry. The vice president of the Academy of Medical Sciences accused them of spreading American pseudoscience . Golant was dismissed from the Institute of Psychoneurology in 1951 because of staff cuts.

Golant's younger brother was the educator Yevgeny Jakowlewitsch Golant . Her nephew was the physicist Viktor Evgenyevich Golant .

Golant was buried in the St. Petersburg Jewish Preobrazhenskoye cemetery .

Honors, prizes

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Еврейскую Вики-энциклопедию: Голант, Раиса Яковлевна (accessed February 26, 2019).
  2. ↑ a b c d Encyclopedia of Russian Jewry: ГОЛАНТ Раиса Яковлевна (accessed February 26, 2019).
  3. ↑ Брестский курьер: Раиса Голант (accessed February 26, 2019).
  4. ^ Scientific Session on the Physiological Teachings of Academician Ivan P. Pavlov: June 28-July 4, 1950 . Academy of Sciences of the USSR Academy. University Press of the Pacific, Honolulu 2001, ISBN 978-0-89875-472-8 .
  5. ↑ 60-летие Павловской сессии 1951 г. (accessed on February 26, 2019).
  6. ↑ Независимый Психиатрический Журнал: Михаил Осипович Гуревич (accessed February 26, 2019).
  7. ↑ ЕВРЕЙСКОЕ КЛАДБИЩЕ: Голант Р. Я. (accessed on February 26, 2019).
personal data
SURNAME Golant, Raissa Jakowlewna
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Голант, Раиса Яковлевна (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian neurologist, psychiatrist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH July 29, 1885
PLACE OF BIRTH Brest-Litovsk
DATE OF DEATH July 13, 1953
Place of death Leningrad