Raphael Liesegang

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Raphael Liesegang

Raphael Eduard Liesegang (pseudonyms: Ahriman , Raphael Ganga , Raphael Eduard Ganga , A. Helheim , Julius Raphaels , born November 1, 1869 in Elberfeld (now part of Wuppertal ), † November 13, 1947 in Bad Homburg vor der Höhe ) was a German chemist and writer. He worked in the field of colloid chemistry and is considered the discoverer of the Liesegang rings .

Life

During his school days, when he had great weaknesses in reading and writing and had to repeat a grade, it was Liesegang's desire to become a painter. However, since his father, the photo chemist Eduard Liesegang (1838–1896), was strictly against this career choice, the son soon gave it up.

As a result, he took a course on photography in Grönenbach and then switched to Carl Remigius Fresenius in Wiesbaden for a year , where he took a course in analytical chemistry . In this course Liesegang's interest in chemistry was aroused and so he began to study chemistry in Freiburg im Breisgau in 1888 . Despite a lack of interest in the lectures, during the semester break he wrote scientific papers on light-sensitive organic silver salts in the photographic archive (1888) and contributions to the problem of electrical television (1891).

Liesegang rings in a sandstone

Without a degree, since he did not attend lectures or take any exams, he began to work in his father's photographic factory in Elberfeld in 1892 ( Ed. Liesegang oHG ). Here in 1892 he developed the first matt celloidin paper and the hydroquinone developer Aristogen . He dealt with the problems of photography and published a number of papers on his research. In 1896, for example, he reported on periodic precipitation phenomena in gels, which Wilhelm Ostwald later called Liesegang rings . Liesegang rings can also be found in nature (see picture). He published a book on the phenomenon of geological diffusion in 1913 .

When his father died in 1896, Raphael Liesegang and two of his brothers took over the factory. The first thing he did was to change the hand preparation of the celloidin paper to machine preparation, which his father had always refused before. When the paint factories Friedrich Bayer & Co. in Leverkusen showed interest in the photographic paper and developer department, he sold this part of the company in 1907, later the oldest part of Agfa . The optical department was continued by his brothers in Düsseldorf, while Raphael Liesegang left the company. The company had to file for bankruptcy in 2002.

In 1908 Liesegang went to the Senckenberg Museum in Frankfurt, where he succeeded at the Neurological Institute in making the fine branches of the neurons in the brain visible.

Due to the fame of his scientific work, he joined the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Biophysics in Frankfurt am Main after the First World War , and in 1937 he took over the Institute for Colloid Research there . In 1944 the institute was relocated to Bad Homburg. In 1940 he was elected a member of the Leopoldina .

In addition to his work as a chemist, Raphael Liesegang also emerged - sometimes under a pseudonym - as a writer of plays and philosophical treatises.

After catching a cold , he died unexpectedly - the day before he had still worked at the institute - on the evening of November 13, 1947.

Awards

1929 Laura R. Leonard Prize

Others

The Raphael Eduard Liesegang Prize of the Colloid Society was named after him.

Fonts

  • Problems of the Present , Düsseldorf
  • Photochemical studies , Düsseldorf
    • 1 (1894)
    • 2 (1895)
  • Rhapsody , Düsseldorf 1894
  • Artistic photography , Düsseldorf 1895 (under the name Julius Raphaels)
  • Instructions for photographing , Düsseldorf 1896 (under the name Julius Raphaels)
  • That's you , Leipzig 1896
  • Chemical action at a distance , Düsseldorf 1896
  • The development of Aoscopir papers , Düsseldorf 1897
  • Chemical reactions in Gallerten , Düsseldorf 1898
  • Photographic chemistry , Düsseldorf 1898
  • Electrolysis of jelly and similar investigations , Düsseldorf 1899
  • Photography for painters , Düsseldorf 1899 (under the name Julius Raphaels)
  • Grîshma , Düsseldorf 1903
  • Earthly and heavenly love , Leipzig 1904
  • Free will , Leipzig 1905 (under the name Raphael Ganga)
  • Beyond Nur , Charlottenburg 1906 (under the name Raphael Ganga)
  • Philosophy of Reconciliation , Charlottenburg 1906 (under the name Raphael Ganga)
  • Dante , Leipzig 1907
  • Messiah , Leipzig 1907
  • About the stratifications in diffusions , Düsseldorf 1907
  • Alexander , Valkenburg 1908 (under the name Raphael Ganga)
  • Provence , Leipzig 1908
  • Contributions to a colloid chemistry of life , Dresden 1909
  • Stateira , Frankfurt am Main 1911
  • Geological diffusions , Dresden [u. a.] 1913
  • The agates , Dresden [u. a.] 1915
  • The gate stone (play, around 1918)
  • Simile Deo , Leipzig 1919
  • Deluge , Leipzig 1919
  • Primer of the religious founders , Frankfurt 1920 (under the name Raphael Ganga)
  • Dramas , Frankfurt a. M. [u. a.] 1921
  • Colloid Chemistry 1914–1922 , Dresden [u. a.] 1922
  • Colloids in Technology , Dresden [u. a.] 1923
  • The photographic process , Frankfurt a. M. 1924
  • Clay and water , Coburg 1927
  • Biological Colloid Chemistry , Dresden 1928
  • Glass , Dresden 1928
  • Metals , Dresden 1929
  • Form-forming processes in the dewatering of silicic acid preparations , Coburg 1930
  • Colloid chemistry of glass , Dresden [u. a.] 1931
  • Radiotherapy in colloid chemistry , Dresden [u. a.] 1934
  • Colloid fibula for physicians , Dresden [u. a.] 1936
  • Colloid teaching , Büdingen 1951

Editing

  • Colloid chemical technology , Dresden 1927
  • Medical colloid theory , Dresden [u. a.] 1935 (published together with Leopold Lichtwitz and Karl Spiro)

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Liesegang, Raphael (1913) Geologische Diffusionen. Theodor Steinkopf, Dresden.
personal data
SURNAME Liesegang, Raphael
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Liesegang, Raphael Eduard
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German chemist
DATE OF BIRTH November 1, 1869
PLACE OF BIRTH Elberfeld
DATE OF DEATH November 13, 1947
Place of death Bad Homburg vor der Höhe