Rough Mountains (Berlin-Steglitz)
| Rough mountains | ||
|---|---|---|
| height | 56.2 m | |
| location | Berlin ( Germany ) | |
| Coordinates | 52 ° 27 '15 " N , 13 ° 20' 43" E | |
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The Rauhen Berge , formerly also called Steglitzer Fichtenberg or Steglitzer Fichten , are a mountain range in the east of the Berlin district of Steglitz in the Steglitz-Zehlendorf district . They are only partially preserved today.
Location and name
The Rauhen Berge are east of the Steglitzer town center in the area between Bergstrasse and the Insulaner in the north, the Anhalter Bahn in the east, the residential areas around Steglitzer Damm in the south and Bismarckstrasse in the west. They extend in an east-west direction and are about a kilometer in length. Parts of the local area of Berlin-Südende are on the southeastern foothills of the Rauhen Berge, the Steglitz cemetery in its western part.
Both the name Rauhe Berge and the former name Steglitzer Fichtenberg are also used for other nearby elevations. The area around the Marienhöhe is also known as the Rauhe Berge . This area is about one kilometer east of the Anhalter and Dresdener Bahn railway systems in what is now the Tempelhof district . The name (Steglitzer) Fichtenberg is common today for the highest mountain in Steglitz west of the old town center.
history
The ridge is of Ice Age origin. It is part of a chain of ground moraine peaks from the Vistula Glaciation .
Various maps from the 19th century refer to the area as Steglitzer Fichtenberg or Steglitzer Fichten . The term Rauhe Berge or Raue Berge was used for the ridge immediately to the east. However, the Rauhen Berge were shown separately from the Steglitz Fichtenberg even before the railway lines were built in the middle of the 19th century. The height of the Steglitz Fichtenberg is given at the end of the 19th century as 59.9 meters. 1832 was by decree of King Friedrich Wilhelm III. decreed that the Steglitzer Fichtenberg should be called Signalberg in future , this name did not catch on. In the 20th century, the name Fichtenberg was transferred to the mountain west of the village center. Since then, the name Rauhe Berge can be found on newer maps .
In 1874, the new Steglitz cemetery was created, for which part of the Rauhen Berge was excavated. In 1872 the Bergschlößchen was built in the area of today's Oehlertring in the southeast part of the mountain . The building was destroyed in World War II. In the following years the villa and country house colony Südende was built , for which the south-eastern part of the mountains was built. At the end of the 1880s, the sand of the Rauhen Berge was used as building material and a large sand pit was created. Large parts of the Rauhen Berge, especially in their southwestern part, were dismantled.
On the steep edge of the sand pit, Otto Lilienthal made his flight attempts in 1892 . At the beginning of the 20th century, allotment garden colonies were initially created illegally on the southern slope of the Rauhen Berge. The dismantling dragged on over several decades, at times a lorry was used.
From 1915 to 1919 the Steglitz water tower was built on the Rauhen Mountains . At that time it was still on the edge of the cemetery. In 1921 the cemetery was expanded to the east, for which a larger piece of the Rauhen Berge was also included.
The fine sand of the Rauhen Berge and the steep slopes created by the mining made the area a film location in the 1920s. For the Ernst Lubitsch film The Pharaoh's Wife , the scenery of an Egyptian city with a 29 meter high sphinx and a 78 meter high and 64 meter wide pharaoh's palace was created there .
Until 1920, the border between the communities of Steglitz and Mariendorf ran through the Rauhen Berge . With the formation of Greater Berlin , the south end and with it the south-eastern part of the Rauhen Berge also came to Steglitz. From the late 1920s a number of residential buildings were built between the mountains and the Steglitzer Damm.
After the Second World War , the northeastern part of the Rauhen Berge was used for the deposition of rubble. The result was the almost 75 meter high Insulaner , which was significantly higher than the original Rough Mountains and even more so clearly towered over its remains.
In 1957 Munsterdamm, which until then had only run a short distance north of Steglitzer Damm, was extended to the north and turned into a thoroughfare . The remnants of the Rough Mountains were also cut through.
Todays situation
The Rauhen Berge are only partially recognizable. The reasons are the excavations for the gravel quarrying around 1900, the cemetery on Bergstrasse, the development in the southern end and the Munsterdamm built across the area of the Rauhen Berge. The islanders on the edge of the Rough Mountains, which were piled up as a mountain of rubble after the war , also dominates the terrain. The highest point of the Rauhen Berge is now on the west side of Oehlertplatz and is 56.3 meters high, a trigonometric point on the Bergstrasse cemetery is 53 meters. The surrounding area is between 45 and 50 meters high, while the islanders are 75 meters high. The most noticeable features of the terrain are the incision of Munsterdamm on both sides at the Kottesteig level and the southern slope in the area of the Heimgarten allotment garden and the Steglitz cemetery.
The mountain road in Steglitz is named after the rough mountains. To the west of Munsterdamm there is the allotment garden colony Rauhe Berge, which is followed by a small park-like area in the direction of Bergstrasse between Munsterdamm and the cemetery.
The water tower in the cemetery is a listed building .
literature
- The "mountains" in Steglitz and The Steglitz houses were built from the fine sand of the Rauhen Berge. In: Steglitzer Heimat , bulletin of the Heimatverein Steglitz e. V. 2/2008, pp. 47-50 (PDF; 1.24 MB) .
Web links
- Rauhe Berge in the Berliner Film Ateliers series. A small lexicon on cinegraph.de
Individual evidence
- ↑ Map of the state initially Berlin ( memento of the original from December 18, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Cartogr. Division of the Royal Prussia, Landes recording 1871, additions until 1900
- ^ Official Journal of the Royal Government of Potsdam and the City of Berlin , year 1832, p. 278
- ^ W. Holtz, C. Simon, U. Wiesmann: Südende - houses, streets, people . Christian Simon Verlag, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-936242-13-3 , pp. 21-23.
- ↑ The Steglitz houses were built from the fine sand of the Rauhen Berge . ( Memento of the original from January 8, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 1.3 MB) In: Steglitzer Heimat , Mitteilungsblatt des Heimatverein Steglitz e. V. 2/2008, pp. 48-50
- ↑ Colony description of the Heimgarten colony ( memento of the original from August 18, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed November 16, 2010
- ↑ Timetable for the protection association and surroundings ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed November 16, 2010
- ^ W. Holtz, C. Simon , U. Wiesmann: Südende - houses, streets, people . Christian Simon Verlag, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-936242-13-3 , pp. 30-33.
- ↑ Digital topographic map 1: 10,000 Brandenburg (DTK10)
- ↑ Bergstrasse. In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein (near Kaupert )
- ↑ Monument Bergstrasse 38, water tower at the Steglitz cemetery
