Rhynchosia pyramidalis
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Crayfish Bean ( Rhynchosia pyramidalis ), seeds |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Rhynchosia pyramidalis | ||||||||||||
| ( Lam. ) Urb. |
The crab-eyed bean ( Rhynchosia pyramidalis ) is a species of plant in the subfamily of the butterflies (Faboideae). It occurs in Central America and on the Caribbean islands , where it becomes Pega-Palo , Bejuco Culebra, Bejuco de Paloma, Bejuco Pegapalo, Bejuco Pegapelo, Coralito, Frijol Casampulga, Fruta de Pitillo, Guatabe, Huevas de Casampulga, John Crow Bead, Ojitos de Called Picho, Ojo de Cangrejo, Peron, as, Pimande, Pimande, Pimangu, Pimangu or Tasanpulga.
description
Appearance and leaf
The crab-eyed bean is a woody plant that grows liana-like over bushes with up to 5 meters long, velvety-downy hairy shoots .
The alternate leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The strong petiole is 1 to 5 cm long. The leaf blade is pinnate unpaired with three pinnate leaves. The leaflet is usually 3 to 7 cm wide, rarely only 1.5 to 2 cm wide-egg-shaped. The leaf upper and lower side is green and hairy velvety down.
Inflorescence and flower
In Central America, the flowering period usually extends from April to September, sometimes outside of this time. The flowers are arranged in lateral, 10 to 30 cm long, sometimes shorter, racemose inflorescences . The early transient bracts are ovate-lanceolate with a length of 2 to 3 mm. The flower stalks are 2 to 3 mm long.
The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The fluffy hairy sepals are fused bell-shaped over a length of 1.5 to 2 mm. With a length of 4 to 5 mm, the lower calyx teeth are linear-subphrate and the upper ones are half as long as the lower ones. The yellow with brown-striped petals stand together in the typical shape of the butterfly flowers, which are 7 to 9 mm high in this species. The downy, hairy banner is dotted with glands on the back. The green keel is curved upwards in a sickle shape and ends bluntly. The two wings are narrow. The single carpel contains only two ovules . The thin stylus is bare.
Fruit and seeds
With a length of 2 to 2.5 cm and a width of 0.8 to 1.8 cm wide, elongated, downy, hairy legume rarely contains one or mostly two seeds and is narrowed between the seeds; it opens when it is ripe. With a diameter of 5 to mm, the seeds are almost spherical , shiny black and bright red around the hilum; the color areas can have a different proportion.
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24.
use
The crayfish bean is traditionally used as a "rejuvenator" and an aphrodisiac . It is also hallucinogenic and toxic. Don Juan Ponce de León is considered to be the first European user of this herbal substance. The ethnobotanical uses for Rhynchosia pyramidalis are aphrodisiac, narcotic and poison . A warning is given before use.
Spread and endangerment
The crayfish bean naturally occurs from eastern Mexico (Sonoran Desert and southern Baja California) via Belize , Guatemala , El Salvador , Honduras to Panama and in the Greater Antilles Cuba , Hispaniola and Jamaica .
Rhynchosia pyramidalis was included in the IUCN's Red List of Threatened Species in 2012 as “Least Concern”, as many populations are located in protected areas.
Taxonomy
It was first published in 1786 under the name (Basionym) Dolichos pyramidalis by Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck in Encyclopédie Méthodique, Botanique , 2, 1, pp. 296-297. The new combination to the now accepted name Rhynchosia pyramidalis was published in 1918 by Ignaz Urban in Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis , Volume 15, p. 318. Other synonyms for Rhynchosia pyramidalis (Lam.) Urb. are: Dolicholus phaseoloides (Sw.) Kuntze , Dolicholus phaseoloides (Sw.) Rusby , Glycine phaseoloides Sw. , Rhynchosia phaseoloides (Sw.) DC. , Rhynchosia phaseoloides var. Precatoria Griseb. , Rhynchosia precatoria (Humb. & Bonpl. Ex Willd.) DC.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Rhynchosia pyramidalis in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved June 14, 2013.
- ^ Entry by Andreas Kelich: Encyclopedia of Drugs - An HTML Database - Innsbruck, Ampass, Axams, Telfes, 1980-2011.
- ↑ a b c d e f Forrest Shreve & Ira Loren Wiggins: Vegetation and Flora of the Sonoran Desert , Volume 1, Stanford University Press, 1964. ISBN 0804701636 Google-Books-online. Rhynchosia pyramidalis on p. 725
- ↑ Rhynchosia pyramidalis at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ^ RE Schultes, Albert Hofmann : Plants of the Gods , AT Verlag, 1998. ISBN 978-3855026456
- ↑ data sheet from Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b Rhynchosia pyramidalis in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2012. Posted by: A. Groom, 2012. Accessed June 15, 2013.
- ↑ Rhynchosia pyramidalis at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed June 14, 2013.
