Giant spiny snail

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Giant spiny snail
Enclosure of Chicoreus ramosus

Enclosure of Chicoreus ramosus

Systematics
Subordination : Hypsogastropoda
Partial order : New snails (Neogastropoda)
Superfamily : Muricoidea
Family : Spiny snails (Muricidae)
Genre : Chicory
Type : Giant spiny snail
Scientific name
Chicory ramosus
( Linnaeus , 1758)

The Murex , Aufgeblasene sting screw or Kraus mandrel ( Chicoreus ramosus , Syn. : Murex ramosus , Murex inflatus ) is a screw from the family of whelks (genus Chicoreus ), which in Indopazifik is widespread. With a housing length of over 30 cm, it is the largest type of the family. It feeds mainly on mollusks .

features

The elongated egg-shaped, transversely furrowed and striped snail shell of Chicoreus ramosus , which in adult snails can reach a length of 20 cm, sometimes up to 33 cm, has a rather low thread, a bulbous, "inflated" body circumference and a large, round oval housing mouth, which ends in a moderately long, wide, open, slightly upwardly curved siphon channel. A tooth-like protrusion protrudes from the outer lip of the mouth. Each of the passageways has three varices, along which three rows of crooked, jagged and channel-shaped spines run over the housing. There are 2 to 3 such spines on the siphon channel. Between the spiked bulges sit two unequal rows of smaller humps. The house is white and cloudy on the outside, rose-red on the inside at the mouth and white on the inside. The large, gray, somewhat crooked operculum is horny.

distribution

The giant spiny snail is widespread in the Indo-Pacific , in the Red Sea and Indian Ocean from the coast of East Africa and South Africa eastwards, around Madagascar and the Gulf of Oman , in the Pacific Ocean to eastern Polynesia , from Japan to Queensland ( Australia ) and New Caledonia .

habitat

The inflated spiny snail is very common on coral reefs , often on clean coarse sand and fine gravel where it partially burrows. It lives in the intertidal zone and below to depths of about 10 m.

Life cycle

Like other spiny snails, Chicoreus ramosus is sexually separated, with more adult females than males. Sexually mature animals have been observed from a housing length of 12 cm. The male mates with the female with his penis . Often many females come together to attach a large number of stalked egg capsules, which are concave on one side and convex on the other, on a band-shaped basement membrane to the solid substrate. According to studies on the southeast coast of India , this can be 70 or 700 capsules per clutch. According to measurements in Ko Phuket ( Thailand ), an egg capsule is on average about 18 mm long and 6 mm wide and contains about 333 to 735 spherical eggs with a diameter of 16.5 to 66 µm, a small part of which is used as nursing eggs. The Veliger larvae hatch about 3 weeks after laying their eggs and go through a pelagic phase of about 2 to 3 weeks , during which they feed on plankton . The shells of the Veliger larvae are 580 to 640 µm long and 480 to 540 µm wide when hatched and have about 1.2 to 1.3 whorls. Shortly before metamorphosis , 2 to 3 weeks after hatching, their shells are around 1100 µm long, 850 µm wide and have around 2.2 to 0.38 µm wide passageways. Young snails that have already recently metamorphosed prey on small mussels and snails.

food

Chicoreus ramosus particularly eats mussels , including oysters ( Ostrea cristagalli ) and ark clams ( Arca sp.), The shell of which is pried open or broken open with the tooth-like protrusion at the mouth of the robber's case.

Importance to humans

Chicoreus ramosus , long known under the original name Murex ramosus von Linné or the synonym Murex inflatus Lamarck , is collected because of its case, which is sold as jewelry. Housing is traded a lot in India in particular.

Traditionally, in New Guinea , among other things, the meat of the inflated spiny snail is fried in its shell and then the empty snail shell is sold. The operculum is used traditionally as the "real onycha" ( Unguis odoratus , in pharmacies and "Blatta byzantina") as incense , especially in the East Indies .

Methanolic extracts from the egg layers of the snail show antibiotic properties.

Due to the high demand for giant spiny snails, work is also being carried out on the breeding of snails, whereby the Veliger larvae and metamorphosed juvenile snails are kept in protected tanks.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b C. Brüggemann: The natural history in faithful illustrations and with a detailed description of the same. Eduard Eisenach publisher, Leipzig 1838. The molluscs. P. 72. The inflated spiny snail. Murex inflatus Lam. s. ramosus L.
  2. ^ Julia Ellen Rogers: The Shell Book. Doubleday, Page & Company, New York 1908, archive.org , p. 32: The Branched Murex. Murex ramosus Linn.
  3. ↑ Carolus Linnaeus : Systema Naturae. 10th ed., Lars Salvius: Stockholm 1758, p. 747. 446. Murex Ramosus.
  4. ↑ MX Ramesh, JKP Edward, K. Ayyakkannu: Reproductive biology of Chicoreus ramosus from Mandapam coastal waters, southeast coast of India  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as broken. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . @1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.pmbc.go.th  (PDF; 5.6 MB). Phuket Marine Biological Center Special Publication 10, 1992, pp. 80-85.
  5. ↑ N. Bussarawit, T. Ruangchua: The production and morphology of egg capsules and veliger larvae of Chicoreus ramosus. Phuket Marine Biological Center Special Publication 9, 1991, pp. 70-74.
  6. ↑ Peter Middelfart: Early life stages of the muricid gastropods Chicoreus ramosus, C. torrefactus and C. Brunneus from Phuket island, Thailand  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . @1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.pmbc.go.th  (PDF; 7.8 MB). Phuket Marine Biological Center Special Publication 10, 1992, pp. 113-122.
  7. ↑ Tirachai Ruangchua, Pitiwong Tantichodok: Fecundity of Chicoreus ramosus  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . @1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.pmbc.go.th  (PDF; 3.3 MB). Phuket Marine Biological Center Special Publication 10, 1992, pp. 76-79.
  8. ↑ Jintana Nugranad, T. Promchinda: Fecundity, size of egg capsules and hatched veligers of Chicoreus ramosus in captivity broodstocks. Phuket Mar. Biol. Cent. Spec. publ., 15: 1995, 69-73.
  9. ↑ a b Jintana Nugranad: Intensive culture of Chicoreus ramosus at the Prachuab Khiri Khan hatchery  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . @1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.pmbc.go.th  (PDF; 10.7 MB). Phuket Marine Biological Center Special Publication 10, 1992, pp. 65-71.
  10. ↑ LJ Bibbey, in: GE Radwin, A. D'Attilio (1976): Murex shells of the world , p. 7
  11. ↑ JK Patterson Edward, M. Xavier Ramesh, K. Ayakkannu: Comparative study of holes in bivalves, chipped and bored by the muricid gastropods Chicoreus ramosus, Chicoreus virgineus and Murex tribulus. Phuket Marine Biological Center Special Publication no 11: 1992, 106-110.
  12. ↑ M. Santhana Ramasamy, A. Murugan: Potential antimicrobial activity of marine molluscs from Tuticorin, southeast coast of India against 40 biofilm bacteria . In: Journal of Shellfish Research. 24 (1), 2005, pp. 243-251. ISSN  0730-8000 .
  13. ↑ S. Steenfeldt: Feasibility of Chicoreus ramosus culture  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . @1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.pmbc.go.th  (PDF; 3.6 MB). Phuket Marine Biological Center Special Publication 10, 1992, pp. 72-75.
  14. ↑ S. Steenfeldt: Intensive and extensive rearing of Chicorues ramosus at the PMBC  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . @1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.pmbc.go.th  (PDF; 10.8 MB). Phuket Marine Biological Center Special Publication 10, 1992, pp. 53-64.

literature

  • GE Radwin, A. D'Attilio: Murex shells of the world. An illustrated guide to the Muricidae. Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford 1976, ISBN 978-0-8047-0897-5 , x + pp. 1-284 incl 192 figs. + 32 pls. Chicoreus ramosus : p. 41.

Web links

Commons : Chicoreus ramosus  - collection of images, videos and audio files