Rineck

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This metal plate on a sign marks the northern end of Rineck

Rineck is an estate in the area of today's Elztal municipality in northern Baden-Württemberg . The municipality of Rineck also existed from 1788 to 1850, but it was dissolved because of the bad repute of its residents. Today, together with a farm, there is a seminar and health center on the estate, the so-called German Center for Prana Healing according to Choa Kok Sui .

geography

The Hofgut Rineck is located about one kilometer north of Elztal-Muckental in the rear Odenwald .

history

Barren pastureland

The area between the Odenwald villages Krumbach , Limbach , Muckental and Trienz belonged to the Electoral Palatinate in the early 18th century and was administered by the winery in Lohrbach . The desolate and barren area near Rineck was described by Lohrbacher Amtskeller in 1726 as Lauther Wildnus and bad Odenwäldisch Feld , in 1727 as Wüsteney . There has only been a single farm there for a long time, the Rineckshof , otherwise the approximately 200 acre area served as sheep pasture for the surrounding communities.

Settlement from 1784

As early as 1733 the court chamber of the Electorate of the Palatinate in Mannheim had the Oberamt Mosbach examine the reclamation of the barren land. Around 50 years later, the Lohrbacher Amtskeller Minet tendered the site for settlement. The settlers were each given about one acre of land and had to commit to handing over natural produce and interest to the Lohrbach winery. The nearby farm was called Altrineck , Althof or Rühlingerhof , while the settlement that emerged from 1784 was initially called Neurineck .

The settlers were partly farmers from the surrounding Odenwald communities, but partly they also came from the traveling people. The professions include a. called: tinkerers , broom makers , basket makers , jugglers , mole catchers, traveling musicians and dog dealers. The residents did not always come voluntarily, but were sometimes deported from their previous reporting communities. They were popularly called Rielinger . The first mayor, Franz Holzschuh, received the purchase letter and the legal code from the Electoral Palatinate on August 29, 1788, which raised the Rineck settlement to a municipality. Rineck came to the Principality of Leiningen in 1803 and to the State of Baden in 1806 . Ecclesiastically, Rineck was part of the parish in Rittersbach . Mayor Holzschuh came from the old Rineckshof and owned a total of 36 acres, making him the largest landowner in the community. Peter Edinger with 19 acres and Georg Nohe with 12 acres, who followed him in the size of their property, also came from the Rineckshof.

Bad living conditions

Because of the poor soils and the negligent cultivation of the fields of the community, among whose population of 57 workers in 1803 were only 7 farmers and 19 artists, there was often hunger, begging, theft and poaching. Armed raids by Rielinger gangs are also reported. Since the community did not have its own forest, there were also many wood atrocities in the surrounding forests, which were committed by "armed gangs". In contemporary reports it is even said that no more wood was bought in Rineck, but that all the wood they needed was stolen elsewhere, and that the community of Rineck, known as the “Langfingerleshof”, aroused “the general complaint of the area” and “an unbelievable one Degree demoralized ”.

In April 1835, the mayor of Lohrbach and most of the town's men were lured out of the town under the pretext of a timber crime that was just taking place by Rinecker, and the mayor's property was then set on fire. The Oberamt suspected the perpetrators in Rineck and stationed a gendarme there, who was shot from behind on duty at night in June 1836.

In 1838 the Mosbacher Oberamtmann complained to the district government that the population, which had gradually grown to 600, were "thieves, crooks, arsonists, vagabonds , etc., because they don't want to work". Since there was no money in the Rineck municipal treasury, the state paid the mayor, teacher, doctor, body inspection, grave digger, etc., and other gendarmes were stationed in Rineck to stop the criminal activities of the residents.

Eventually, calls were made to persuade community residents to emigrate to the United States. The Baden state conducted lengthy negotiations with the surrounding communities in order to persuade them to assume part of the costs or to accept residents unwilling to emigrate. In the end, the emigration of over 600 people was arranged, for which the Baden state raised 63,000 guilders.

Dissolution of the community in 1849/50

The first transport with 168 mostly single emigrants left Rineck on October 3, 1849. The emigration took place first with carts to Eberbach, then with ships via Mannheim to Bremen or Antwerp and from there to New York, where each head of the family 20 guilders and each other Person received 10 guilders and was then left to his fate. During the winter good news came from these people, which made the impending emigration somewhat easier for those who remained.

In April 1850 there was a lot of market activity in Rineck, as the rest of the population had to sell their superfluous belongings and, as it were, buy things they needed for emigration. On May 11 and 13, 1850, most of the remaining Rineckers were finally transported out of the village in two groups of 200 and 235 people. The implementation was monitored by the Mosbach official staff and another 40 gendarmes. The wagons needed to transport people and belongings were requisitioned from the neighboring villages. The people of the neighboring towns followed the events with great interest. These two transports also went to New York, where 10 or 20 guilders were again paid out and the people were left to their fate. The majority of the emigrated Rinecker settled in Philadelphia. The Baden emigration association was reported about other emigrants from the municipality of Rineck in 1851 that the mayor and 80 members of the municipality had settled in Rochester near Lake Ontario. They all lived together in the same street, had ample earnings and were of good repute for their good conduct. The same people for whom there weren't enough prisons in their homeland to punish them for their thefts and the timber crime.

About 20 to 25 people could not be persuaded to emigrate. Four families were assigned to the Muckental community, some single people came to Schwetzingen and some old and infirm were distributed to the surrounding areas. On December 2, 1850, the Rineck community was dissolved. After the community was dissolved, the capital creditors received the pledged properties, which were then sold for demolition. Fields and gardens were sold to residents of Krumbach and Alt-Rineck.

The community of Ferdinandsdorf , only about ten kilometers away, succumbed to a similar fate around the same time. Tolnayshof , a community with a similar social structure in the neighboring building land region, was able to hold out until 1880.

Founding of today's Hofgut

After some residents in Alt-Rineck had emigrated shortly afterwards at the lure of Neu-Rineckers who were already in the USA, Ferdinand Scipio's mother purchased large parts of the property in 1856 and thus created a 500-acre estate that Ferdinand helped with his brother-in-law Gustav Herth built up. After Ferdinand Scipio's death, the son Wilhelm Scipio († 1953) continued the estate. During the 100 years or so in the possession of the Scipio, the estate was managed by administrators and never profitable, rather the losses were offset from the Scipio's assets. His great-nephew and secretary Eberhard von Gemmingen (* 1926) inherited the estate from Wilhelm Scipio . He had plans to increase profitability, but all farm buildings on the farm were destroyed by fire in 1954. The reconstruction was completed in 1956, the repayment of the resulting debts dragged on until the 1980s. In 1989 the estate was extensively modernized.

Today the Hofgut Rineck is used for seminars with a focus on alternative healing methods and yoga as well as for agriculture.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Mezler (1965), pp. 203/204
  2. ^ Negotiations of the Estates Assembly of the Grand Duchy of Baden, In the year 1842, [1]
  3. ↑ Eugen von Philippovich: "The state-supported emigration in the Grand Duchy of Baden" in "Archives for Social Legislation and Statistics - Quarterly journal for researching the social conditions of the countries", page 66 digitized
  4. ^ Maria Heitland: Family chronicle of the barons of Gemmingen - continuation of the chronicles from 1895 and 1925/26 . Gemmingenscher Familienverband eV 1991, pp. 168/169.

literature

  • Leonhard Mezler: 1200 years of Lohrbach - 765 to 1965 , municipality of Lohrbach 1965
  • Bruno König: 1200 years of Elztal , Elztal 1975
  • Karl Wilhelm Beichert: Muckental and Rineck , 1995
  • Prof. Dr. Eugen von Philippovich "The state-supported emigration in the Grand Duchy of Baden" in "Archives for Social Legislation and Statistics - Quarterly journal for researching the social conditions of the countries" Fifth volume, editor: Dr. Huh Braun, Publishing House J. Guttentag, Berlin 1892
  • Bruno König Almost unbearable for the whole area - report by "Feldscher Adam" from 1856 about the community Rineck in Unser Land - home calendar for Neckartal, Odenwald, building land and Kraichgau 2000, pages 166-170 ISSN  0932-8173
  • Karl-Heinz Neser The "Thief Colony" in the Odenwald - After the failure of the educational experiment, emigration at state expense in the journal for the history of the Upper Rhine ed. from the Commission for Historical Regional Studies in Baden-Württemberg, W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart, 1993 Volume 141, pages 381–386 ISSN  0044-2607
  • Karl-Heinz Neser The emigration of the residents of Rineck to Unser Land - home calendar for Neckartal, Odenwald, building land and Kraichgau 2001 - pages 65–68 ISSN  0932-8173
  • Karl Wilhelm Beichert The cultural landscape of the Odenwald in the past in Badische Heimat - magazine for regional and folklore, nature, environmental and monument protection , 99th volume, issue 3, September 2019, pages 391-02 especially page 393, ISSN  0930-7001
  • In 1937, Irma von Drygalski published her novel Rineck - the dream and curse of the rural drivers in Rineck's story - at Carl Schünemann Bremen . In addition to files on emigration, Ms. von Drygalski used oral traditions from the region to draft her story.

Web links

Commons : Rieneck (Baden)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files


Coordinates: 49 ° 26 '8.6 "  N , 9 ° 11' 55.6"  E