Riparo Tagliente
| Riparo Tagliente
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 Riparo Tagliente (2015) |
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| Location: | Stallavena di Grezzana , Verona Province , Veneto Region , Italy | |
| Height : | 250 m slm | |
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Geographic location: |
45 ° 32 '26.2 " N , 11 ° 0' 20.2" E | |
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| Cadastral number: | 0091 | |
| Geology: | Oolithic limestone | |
| Type: | Abri | |
| Discovery: | 1958 | |
| Lighting: | no | |
| Website: | Scavo archeologio preistorico "Riparo Tagliente" (Italian) | |
Riparo Tagliente ( ital . Riparo = protection, shelter; Engl . Tagliente rockshelter ) is a north of Verona in Stallavena di Grezzana situated rock overhang. Archaeological excavations have been carried out under and in front of the Abri since 1962 , which have produced an extraordinarily large number of artifacts from the Middle and Upper Paleolithic. The traces of settlement are between 60,000 and 13,000 years old. The oldest evidence of the repopulation of Europe south of the Alps by humans after the last Ice Age maximum comes from the Riparo Tagliente .
Geographical location
The Riparo Tagliente lies on the left, eastern flank of the Valpantena valley in the Monti Lessini ( Vicentine Alps ). ABRI is located at the foot of Monte Tregnago on a narrow private land immediately adjacent to the commercial area of Stallavena and the Via di Tessar Stallavena opened is.
topography
The 15 meter wide overhang in a rock wall made of oolithic limestone opens to the west. The largest overhang is still around 5 m today, the maximum height around 4 m. The sediments before Abri had a thickness of up to 4.6 m at the beginning of the excavations, under the ledge they are not yet excavated in large part, vertical space there are only a few places.
The entire area is covered and fenced.
Archaeological research
The rock overhang was discovered in 1958 by Francesco Tagliente (1918–2008), the first excavations by Franco Mezzena and Francesco Zorzi from the National Natural History Museum in Verona took place between 1962 and 1964. Since 1967 the annual excavation campaigns have been carried out by employees and students of the University of Ferrara .
The find layers of the Riparo Tagliente can be divided into two main phases: the oldest, Mousterian horizons with an overlying layer from the Aurignacia , and, separated by an erosion layer , the upper strata, which date to the late Epigravettian . The excavation areas in front of the Abri are disturbed by numerous large blocks of rock , which come from rock falls during the Moustérien , Epigravettien and during the Holocene around 10,000 years ago. Until the end of the 1970s, research concentrated on a deep section made in the northern part transversely to the longitudinal axis of the demolition and another cut in the southern part under the ledge. Since then, digging has mainly been carried out in an area of 80 m² in the northern part of the demolition.
Epigravettias
In Epigravettia, the Riparo Tagliente was repeated and used as a dwelling by hunter-gatherer groups for longer periods of time . The layers in front of the Abri are up to 2 m thick, here slaughterhouse waste and the remains from stone processing were piled up to form a veritable wall. The layer thickness under the ledge is only 0.5 m. Large amounts of sediment were probably dug up there in the Middle Ages and with them parts of an approximately 15,600 year old burial, the remains of which were uncovered in 1973 in the southern part of the demolition. The hand , leg and foot bones as well as the pelvis of an approximately 1.63 m tall and 20 to 29 year old male were preserved. A horn, preserved in fragments, and a stone engraved with a lion and aurochs were enclosed with the grave .
The around 17,000 to 14,500 year old sediments, pollen and fauna remains of the archaeological horizons 17–13 indicate the climatic conditions of a cold and dry mountain steppe . In addition to ibex , chamois and elk , small mammals such as marmots and arctic hare were also hunted . In the upper horizons 12–5, the beginning of the Bölling- / Alleröd-Interstadial can be seen with rising temperatures and a grassy landscape with coniferous and deciduous trees . The main prey animals were now red deer , roe deer and wild boar . Cut marks on bones of wolf , lynx and wolverine show that even predators zerwirkt were. Almost 700,000 bone fragments from mostly adult animals were examined.
The lithic inventory includes several 10,000 artifacts per horizon, mostly blades , cores , blowstones and pieces of waste. The raw materials used come exclusively from local deposits a maximum of 15 km away, mostly gray flint from a Biancone formation near Ceredo .
Moustérien
From the find layers 37 and 36 come two human milk teeth and a finger bone of a little finger , which are assigned to the Neanderthal . The teeth are the second right deciduous molar (Tagliente 3) from the upper jaw of a 9 to 12 year old and the right lower canine (Tagliente 4) of a 6 year old child.
literature
- F. Fontana, C. Cilli, MG Cremona, G. Giacobini, F. Gurioli, J. Liagre, G. Malerba, A. Rocci Ris, C. Veronese, A. Guerreschi: Recent data on the Late Epigravettian occupation at Riparo Tagliente , Monti Lessini (Grezzana, Verona): a multidisciplinary perspective , in: Preistoria Alpina Vol. 44, Trento 2009, pp. 49–57.
- F. Fontana, A. Guerreschi, S. Bertola, F. Bonci, C. Cilli, J. Liagre, L. Longo, G. Pizziolo, U. Thun Hohenstein: The first occupation of the southern alps in the late glacial at Riparo Tagliente (Verona, Italy) , in: Mountain Environments in Prehistoric Europe: Settlement and mobility strategies from the Palaeolithic to the Early Bronze Age. Vol. 26, Session C31, Oxford 2008, pp. 71-79. ISBN 978-1-4073-0365-9
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b F. Fontana, A. Guerreschi, S. Bertola: The first occupation of the southern Alps in the late glacial at Riparo Tagliente (Verona, Italy) in: Mountain Environments in Prehistoric Europe: Settlement and mobility strategies from the Palaeolithic to the Early Bronze Age . Archaeopress, Oxford 2008.
- ↑ a b c d e f Federica Fontana et al: Recent data on the Late Epigravettian occupation at Riparo Tagliente, Monti Lessini (Grezzana, Verona): a multidisciplinary perspective . Museo Tridentino di Scienze Naturali, Trento 2009.
- ↑ Verona: Morto FRANCESCO TAGLIENTE, il "papà" del Riparo preistorico di Stallavena. February 20, 2008, accessed December 4, 2016 .
- ^ A b Oral communication by F. Fontana on September 22, 2015.
- ^ F. Fontana - A. Guerreschi, L. Falceri, D. Visentin, MG Cremona, G. Giacobini, C. Cilli, F. Gurioli, C. Veronese: Il Riparo Tagliente in Valpantena. Recenti scoperte relative agli ultimi cacciatori-raccoglitori paleolitici . La Lessinia - Ieri oggi domani, Vol 35, pp. 99-110, 2012.
- ↑ T. Fantuzzi: Late Upper Palaeolithic human diet: first stable isotope evidence from Riparo Tagliente (Verona, Italy) in: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Pari . 2013.
- ↑ Display board on the Riparo Tagliente '' La sequencea stratigrafica di Riparo Tagliente. ''
- ↑ a b Arnaud, J., et al., A reexamination of the Middle Paleolithic human remains from Riparo Tagliente, Italy. Quaternary International, September 27, 2016, accessed December 5, 2016 .
- ↑ T. Fantuzzi: Le Sequenze archeologiche pleistoceniche di Riparo Tagliente (VR, Italia). Una sinossi multidisciplinare degli scavi 1967-2008 . 2011.