Robert MacAndrew

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Robert MacAndrew about 1853

Robert MacAndrew (born March 22, 1802 in Wandsworth , † May 22, 1873 in Isleworth ) was a British merchant and naturalist who dealt with molluscs .

Live and act

Robert MacAndrew was one of eight sons of William McAndrew, who came from the Scottish city of Elgin and had settled in London around 1770. Shortly after completing his training in Fulham , his father died in 1821 and he and his brother William Peter continued the business of William McAndrew & Sons in London and Liverpool as a fruit importer. Eight years later, after his brother's death, MacAndrew moved to Liverpool. There he married his cousin Eliza in 1829, a daughter of James MacAndrew, with whom he had eleven children.

In 1834 MacAndrew joined the Literary and Philosophical Society of Liverpool , during which meetings he met other naturalists. Around 1834, MacAndrew began collecting seashells in his spare time . His frequent business trips to Spain resulted in a rapidly growing collection of mussels. Endeavoring to collect previously unknown mussels, MacAndrew began using a dredge . At first he used an open boat, later a small sailing ship. MacAndrew met Edward Forbes , one of the founders of deep-sea research , either at the meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in Liverpool in 1837 , or when Forbes was giving a series of lectures in Liverpool three years later. Through him he met other "dredgers" who worked for the British Association for the Advancement of Science and with whom he worked from 1842 on. In April 1842 he had acquired the Osprey sailing cutter (45 tons) for this purpose. With him and the crew of four, he explored the British seas, especially the seabed on the coasts and islands of Scotland. In doing so he unearthed numerous new species.

In 1844 MacAndrew became a member of the British Association Dredging Committee, founded in 1839 . On April 6, 1847, the Linnean Society of London accepted him as a member. Since the Osprey was too small for longer tours, he sold it in the fall of 1848 and bought the sailing cutter Naiad (70 tons). MacAndrew took him on a five-month cruise in 1849 that took him to Spain, Portugal, Malta and southern Italy. Two years later he sailed around Scotland and in 1850, during a three-week excursion with Forbes and John Goodsir (1814–1867), thrashed off the Hebrides . In 1855 MacAndrew undertook a tour around the Shetland Islands , which took him to the Norwegian coast. MacAndrew could thresh to a depth of about 200 fathoms . In 1856 he sold the Naiad . He published the results of his endeavors regularly in the Proceedings of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Liverpool and the Annals And Magazine of Natural History .

On June 2, 1853, MacAndrew was accepted as a member of the Royal Society , including at the suggestion of Forbes . From 1856 to 1857 he was President of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Liverpool . In 1858 MacAndrew became chairman of the newly formed General Dredging Committee , which he also chaired in the following two years, until he was replaced in 1861 by John Gwyn Jeffreys (1809-1885).

In 1867 MacAndrew retired from business. He was unable to realize the plans he had cherished to undertake further dredge trips with a steam yacht . In 1869, however, he hired two young naturalists with whom he went to Suez . With the help of a dragoman , he rented three large open boats and thrashed south on the Gulf of Suez . He published the scientific results of this trip in the Report on the Testaceous Mollusca ... For this he received in 1872 together with Arturo Issel (1842–1922), who for his writing Malacologia del Mar Rosso. Ricerche zoologiche e paleontologiche (1869) was honored with the Prix ​​Savigny of the Académie des sciences . His shell collection of over 200,000 specimens is now in the Cambridge University Museum of Zoology .

Fonts (selection)

Robert MacAndrew has published over 20 scientific articles.

  • An Account of Some Zoological Researches, Made in the British Seas, during the Last Summer . In: Proceedings of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Liverpool . Volume 1, Number 1, 1845, pp. 89-96 ( online ).
  • On Marine Dredging, with Notes and Observations, the Result of Personal Experience during the Summers of 1846 and 1847 . In: Proceedings of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Liverpool . Volume 1, Number 4, 1848, pp. 80-89 ( online ).
  • On the Geographical Distribution of Testaceous Mollusca in the North-East Atlantic and Neighboring Seas . In: Proceedings of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Liverpool . Volume 1, Number 8, 1853, pp. 8-56 ( online ).
  • Notes on a Dredging Excursion to the North Cape . In: Proceedings of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Liverpool . Volume 1, Number 10, 1856, pp. 51-66 ( online ).
  • Report of the Dredging Committee for 1844 . In: In: Report of the forteenth meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science . Part 1, London 1845, pp. 390-391 ( online ). - with Edward Forbes
  • Notes on the Distribution and Range in Depth of Mollusca and Other Marine Animals Observed on the Coasts of Spain, Portugal, Barbary, Malta, and Southern Italy in 1849 . In: Report of the twentieth meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science . Part 1, London 1851, pp. 264-304 ( online ).
  • Notices of new or rare British animals observed during cruises in 1845 and 1846 . In: Annals And Magazine of Natural History . Volume 19, 1847, pp. 96-98 ( online ). - with Edward Forbes
  • Notices of new or rare British animals observed during Cruises in 1845 and 1846 . In: Annals And Magazine of Natural History . Volume 19, 1847, pp. 390-392 ( online ). - with Edward Forbes
  • List of the Mollusca observed between Drontheim and the North Cape . In: Annals And Magazine of Natural History . 2nd episode, Volume 17, 1856, pp. 378-386 ( online ). - with L. Barrett
  • List of the Echinodermata dredged between Drontheim and the North Cape . In: Annals And Magazine of Natural History . Volume 2, Vol. 20, 1857, pp. 43-46 ( online ) - L. Barrett
  • On the distribution of the Mollusca in depth on the coasts of Nordland and Finmark . In: Annals And Magazine of Natural History . Second Series, Volume 20, 1857, pp. 267-272 ( online ). - with L. Barrett
  • Note on the comparative size of marine Mollusca in various latitudes of the European Seas . In: Annals And Magazine of Natural History . 3rd Series, Volume 5, 1860, pp. 116-119 ( online ).
  • Reply to Mr. Jeffreys's remarks on a note on the comparative size of marine Mollusca in various latitudes of the British Seas . In: Annals And Magazine of Natural History . 3rd Series, Volume 5, 1860, pp. 311-316 ( online ).
  • On the division of the European Seas into Provinces, with reference to the distribution of Mollusca . In: Annals And Magazine of Natural History . 3rd Series, Volume 8, 1861, pp. 433-437 ( online ).
  • Remarks upon Mr. J. Gwyn Jeffreys's last dredging report . In: Annals And Magazine of Natural History . 4th Series, Volume 2, 1868, pp. 357-362 ( online ).
  • Report on the Testaceous Mollusca obtained during a dredging excursion in the Gulf of Suez in the months of February and March 1869 . In: Annals And Magazine of Natural History . 4th Series, Volume 6, 1870, pp. 429-450 ( online ).

literature

  • Richard MacAndrew: Robert McAndrew FRS (1802-1873) - a family perspective . In: Archives of Natural History . Volume 35, Number 1, 2008, pp. 71-75 ( doi: 10.3366 / E0260954108000065 ).
  • Helen M. Rozwadowski: Fathoming the Ocean. The Discovery and Exploration of the Deep Sea . Harvard University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-674-01691-2 , pp. 122-124.
  • Philip F. Rehbock: The early dredgers: “naturalizing” in British seas, 1830-1850 . In: Journal of the History of Biology . Volume 12, Number 2, 1979, pp. 293-368 ( doi: 10.1007 / BF00124195 ).
  • [Anonymous]: In: Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London . Volume 18, 1873, pp. XXXIII-XXXV ( online ).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ [Anonymous]: In: Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London . Volume 18, 1873, pp. XXXV ( online ).
  2. ^ Robert MacAndrew: Valedictory Address . In: Proceedings of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Liverpool . Volume 1, Number 11, 1856-1857, pp. 14-17 ( online) .
  3. ^ Report of the Twenty-Eighth Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science; held at Leeds in September 1858 . John Murray, London 1859, p. XL ( online ).
  4. ^ Report of the Twenty-Nineth Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science; held at Aberdeen in September 1859 . John Murray, London 1860, p. XLIX ( online ).
  5. ↑ Report of the Thirtieth Meeting of the British Science Association; held at Oxford in June and July 1860 . John Murray, London 1861, S. XLV ( online ).
  6. ^ Report of the Thirty-First Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science; held at Manchester in September 1861 . John Murray, London 1862, p. XLII ( online ).
  7. ^ The London Gazette . January 17, 1868 ( PDF  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ).@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.thegazette.co.uk  
  8. ^ Rapport sur le Concours du prix Savigny, pour 1870 . In: Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences . Volume 75, Paris 1872, pp. 1324-1336 ( online ).
  9. ^ Richard MacAndrew: Robert McAndrew FRS (1802-1873) - a family perspective . In: Archives of Natural History . Volume 35, number 1, 2008, p. 72.

Web links

personal data
SURNAME MacAndrew, Robert
ALTERNATIVE NAMES McAndrew, Robert; M'Andrew, Robert
BRIEF DESCRIPTION British merchant and naturalist
DATE OF BIRTH March 22, 1802
PLACE OF BIRTH Wandsworth
DATE OF DEATH May 22, 1873
Place of death Isleworth