Robert de Cassel

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Robert de Cassel's statue at Dunkerque City Hall

Robert de Cassel ( Flemish Robrecht van Kassel , * around 1278 ; † June 26, 1331 in Warneton ) was the lord of Cassel , Dunkerque , Gravelines , Bourbourg , Bergues and Nieuport (or Kassel, Duinkerke, Grevelingen, Bourbourg, Sint-Winoksbergen and Nieuwpoort). He is the second son of Count Robert III. of Flanders and Yolande de Bourgogne , Countess of Nevers , Auxerre and Tonnerre .

Life

Robert was always loyal to his father in the conflicts with the kings of France ( Philip IV , Louis X and Philip V ). Here he adopted an attitude that is completely different from that of his older brother Ludwig von Nevers . For this reason Robert III planned to leave the county to his younger son, but under pressure from Philip V of France and against the promise of marriage between his daughter Margaret of France and Louis of Flanders , the son of Louis of Nevers, Robert declared III. agrees to bequeath the county to his eldest son. In 1320, when his nephew was married, Robert de Cassel received an ensemble of gentlemen as apanage , which - contrary to custom - came close to splitting the county of Flanders between the two sons.

Roberts Apanage comprised the later French province of Flandre maritime (essentially today's Arrondissement Dunkerque ), Armentières and Warneton , as well as goods in Champagne and Le Perche . Around 1322 he had a castle built in Dunkerque. During the Flemish revolt against King Charles IV , which began in the winter of 1323/24 and ended with the defeat of the rebels against the French in the Battle of Cassel (1328) , the town was sacked and the castle destroyed. Robert de Cassel, who took the oath of allegiance to the French king on June 11, 1327, imposed an enormous amount on the rebels, confiscated their property and compensated those who remained loyal to him. A year later, Dunkerque regained its municipal rights.

Robert de Cassels tombstone

Robert de Cassel is considered to be the reorganizer of the Dunkirk magistrate. This included a mayor ( Bourgmestre ), aldermen ( Échevins ) and Advisor ( Conseillers ), who were responsible for the affairs of the city. He also created the three guilds responsible for guarding the city, that of Saint-Sébastien for the archers, that of Saint-Georges for the crossbowmen and that of Saint-Barbe for the arquebusiers .

He died on June 26, 1331 in Warneton, where he lived, and was buried in the crypt of the local church of Saint-Pierre-et-Saint-Paul. His polychrome tombstone was discovered there in 1923. The portrait of Robert de Cassel is one of six statues that adorn the facade of Dunkerque City Hall.

His underage son Jean inherited the Seigneurie Dunkerque. On March 19, 1331, Jean's mother had given her children a pledge of loyalty to the Count of Flanders. Jean died a short time later, in 1332 or 1334. His sister Yolande von Flanders , herself only a few years old, inherited him and through her marriage brought the paternal property to the Counts of Bar, the House of Luxembourg-Saint-Pol and finally the House of Bourbon -Vendôme.

Marriage and offspring

Robert married on September 21, 1323 with dispensation and marriage contract in the Paris quarter of Saint-Germain-des-Prés Jeanne de Bretagne, daughter of Duke Arthur II and Yolande de Dreux , Countess of Montfort . Your children are:

  1. Jean, Sire de Cassel († 1332)
  2. Yolande (* 1326, † 1395), ∞ (1) Heinrich IV. , Count of Bar ; ∞ (2) Philip of Navarre ; Your children are:
    • Eduard II (* 1339, † 1352), Count of Bar
    • Robert I (* 1344, † 1411), Count and later Duke of Bar

literature

  • J.-J. Carlier, Henri d'Oisy, fragment d'études historiques in: Mémoire de la Société dunkerquoise pour l'encouragement des sciences, des lettres et des arts , 1857, published 1858, Dunkerque, pp. 81–243,
  • François Curveiller, Dunkerque: ville et port de Flandre à la fin du Moyen Age , 1989
  • Georges Dupas, Seigneuries et seigneurs de la Châtellenie de Bourbourg , Coudekerque Branche, Galaad Graal, 2001
  • Gabriel-Henri Gaillard , Histoire de la rivalité de la France et de l'Angleterre , Volume 3, 1771
  • Mémoires de la Société des antiquaires de la Morinie , Volume 5, 1839/40
  • P. de Simpel, Les seigneurs et dames de Warneton , 1954
  • PJE de Smyttere, Mémoire sur l'apanage de Robert de Cassel

Remarks

  1. ↑ Dupas, p. 25
  2. ↑ Curveiller, p. 35
  3. ↑ De Simpel
  4. ↑ Carlier, p. 84
  5. ^ Carlier, p. 83
personal data
SURNAME Robert de Cassel
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Robrecht van Kassel; Robert of Flanders; Robert de Dampierre
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Lord of Cassel, Dunkerque, Gravelines, Bourbourg, Bergues and Nieuport
DATE OF BIRTH around 1278
DATE OF DEATH June 26, 1331
Place of death Warning sound