Roger Frugardi

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Roger Frugardi , also (late Longobardian) Rüdiger Frutgard (other variants: Rogerius Salernitanus , Roger Frugard , Roggerio / Ruggero di Giovanni Frugardo , Rogerus de Parma ) (* around 1138 in the Po Valley ; † around 1194 ) was a Lombard surgeon and surgeon , (probably wrongly) called also Roger of Salerno .

Life

Roger was born as the son of Giovanni Frugardo (also called Fulgardo or Frügard) in the Po Valley. He was trained in Lombard surgery and knew the pharmaceutical literature of the Salerno School . At the artist's school in Parma he gave lectures on surgery in the 1170s at the invitation of Guido von Arezzo (d. J.).

plant

Surgery did not cease to be a mere craft until Rogers, also influenced by medicine in the medieval Islamic world , “Practica chirurgiae”. Roger's “Chirurgie” was created around 1180 with the editorial assistance of his pupil Guido d'Arezzo the Younger from lecture transcripts at the (medical) school of Parma and is the oldest surgical script in Western culture.

Even Roland of Parma , gained by the surgeons School of Parma international reputation, was his student. In Bologna, Roland co-founded the Bolognese School of Surgery.

Reception (Roger Complex)

There are arrangements of Roger's work with the “Rolandina” by his student Roland von Parma and in the “Chirurgia” by Johannes Jamatus (Jamerius) from Salerno. The surgeon and doctor Wilhelm Burgensis (de Congenis) of military leader Simon de Montfort gave lectures at the medical school in Montpellier on the surgery and wound healing of Roger Frugardis, which the surgeon from the Weser recorded in the form of comments in his own manuscripts and in the Cyrurgia domini et magistri Willehelmi de Congenis spread. In the late 14th century, the so-called Leipzig Rogerglosse was created as a German-language and supplemented version by an author unknown by name .

The extensive text group, which emerged from the Rogers textbook, of the 12th to the 14th century adaptations of the original Roger text (“Rogerina” from 1180) and its second edition (“Rolandina”, around 1240) is called Rogerglosse or (since 1975) called Roger Complex . Around 1250 a Salern author compiled the contents of the Roger Urtext and the First (Salern) gloss and pushed this four-master gloss to four medical authorities of the 11th to 12th centuries of the school of Salerno (Petroncello, Archimatthaeus, Platearius and Ferrarius) under.

Work edition

  • First critical work edition: Karl Sudhoff : Contributions to the history of surgery in the Middle Ages. 2 volumes, Leipzig 1914/1918 (= studies on the history of medicine , 10/12), volume 2, pp. 148–394, 411–461 and 487–489.
  • Ruggiero: Surgery. In: Salvatore de Renzi, C. Daremberg, GET Henschel: Collectio Salernitana, ossia documenti inediti, e trattati di medicina appartenenti alla scuola medica salernitana. 5 volumes, Tipografia del Filiatre-Sebezio, Naples 1852-1859; Reprint Bologna 1967 (= Bibliotheca di storia della medicina. Volume II, 1-5), Volume II (1853), pp. 426-496.

literature

  • Astrid Hirschmann (ed.): The Leipzig Rogerglosse. A surgical text from the Meissnian-North Silesian area. Part I: Text. (Medical dissertation Würzburg 1983) Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 1984 (= Würzburg medical historical research. Volume 33).
    • Gabriele Stedtfeld: The Leipzig Roger gloss. A surgical text from the Meissnian-North Silesian area. Part II: Roger Concordance and Dictionary. Medical dissertation in Würzburg 1979. Private printing, commissioned by Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg.
  • Wolfgang Löchel: The dentistry Rogers and the Rogerglossen. A contribution to the history of dentistry in the high and late Middle Ages. (Medical dissertation Würzburg 1975), Pattensen / Hanover, now with Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg, 1975 (= Würzburg medical historical research. Volume 4).
  • Gundolf Keil : Roger Frugardi. In: The German literature of the Middle Ages. Author Lexicon . 2nd Edition. Volume 8, Berlin and New York 1992, columns 140-153
  • Gundolf Keil, Wolfgang Löchel: Shape change and decomposition. Roger Urtext and Roger Gloss from the 12th to the 16th century. In: August Buck , Otto Herding (ed.): The commentary in the Renaissance. Bonn-Bad Godesberg / Boppard 1975 (= German Research Foundation: Communications from the Commission for Research on Humanism. Volume 1), pp. 209–224. Also in: Gerhard Baader, Gundolf Keil (Hrsg.): Medicine in the Middle Ages Occident. Darmstadt 1982, pp. 476-493.
  • Gundolf Keil, Werner E. Gerabek : Roger Frugardi and the tradition of Longobard surgery. In: Sudhoff's archive. Volume 86, 2002, pp. 1-26.
  • Thomas F. Glick, Steven John Livesey, Faith Wallis: Frugard Roger In: Medieval science, technology, and medicine: an encyclopedia. Routledge Chapman & Hall, New York et al. a. 2005, ISBN 0-415-96930-1 , p. 178. (English)
  • Adalberto Pazzini: Ruggero di Giovanni Frugardo, maestro di chirurgia a Parma, e l'opera sua. Rome 1966 (= Collana di 'Pagine di storia della medicina' , 13).
  • Gundolf Keil:  Ortolf von Baierland. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 19, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-428-00200-8 , pp. 605 f. ( Digitized version ). (Mention of Roger Frugardi's work)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Gundolf Keil: "The best advice is the icker toe can against genomen vte platearise". References to Ypermans Medicine. In: Geneeskunde in nederlandstalige teksten tot 1600. Koninklijke Academie voor Geneeskunde van België, Brussels 2012 (2013), ISBN 978-90-75273-29-8 , pp. 93-137; here: p. 97, note 27.
  2. ^ Bernhard D. Haage, Wolfgang Wegner: Roger Frugardi. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil, Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , pp. 1261 f .; here: p. 1261.
  3. ↑ Jürgen Stäps: The surgery of Roger of Salerno. Medical dissertation, Düsseldorf 1938.
  4. ↑ Gundolf Keil, Werner E. Gerabek: Roger Frugardi and the tradition of Lombard surgery. In: Sudhoff's archive. Volume 86, 2002, pp. 1-26.
  5. ^ Bernhard D. Haage, Wolfgang Wegner: Roger Frugardi. 2005, p. 1261.
  6. ^ Karl Sudhoff : Contributions to the history of surgery in the Middle Ages. Graphic and textual examinations in medieval manuscripts. I – II, Leipzig 1914 and 1918 (= Studies on the History of Medicine , 10 and 11/12), Volume II, 156–236.
  7. ↑ Konrad Goehl : Guido d'Arezzo the Younger and his 'Liber mitis'. 2 volumes. Horst Wellm, Pattensen / Han. 1984, now at Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg (= Würzburg medical-historical research , 32), ISBN 3-921456-61-4 , Volume 1, pp. 9-15.
  8. ↑ Source cited: Ciba magazine April 1938 No. 56.
  9. ^ Gundolf Keil: Roger Frugardi. In: Author's Lexicon . 2nd ed., Volume 8, here: Col. 146.
  10. ^ Gundolf Keil: Wilhelm Burgensis. In: Werner E. Gerabek, Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil, Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 1496.
  11. ↑ Barbara Kössel-Luckhardt: Surgeon from the Weser. In: Horst-Rüdiger Jarck , Dieter Lent et al. (Ed.): Braunschweigisches Biographisches Lexikon - 8th to 18th century . Appelhans Verlag, Braunschweig 2006, ISBN 3-937664-46-7 , p. 142 .
  12. ^ Gundolf Keil: 'Leipziger Rogerglosse'. In: Author's Lexicon . 2nd edition, Volume 5, Col. 702 f.
  13. ↑ Wolfgang Wegner: 'Leipziger Rogerglosse'. In: Werner E. Gerabek et al. (Ed.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 837 f.
  14. ↑ Charles Daremberg (ed.): Glosulae quatuor magistrorum super Chirurgiam Rogerii et Rolandi. In: Salvatore de Renzi , C. Daremberg, GET Henschel : Collectio Salernitana, ossia documenti inediti, e trattati di medicina appartenenti alla scuola medica salernitana. , IV, Tipografia del Filiatre-Sebezio, Naples 1852-1859; Reprint Bologna 1967 (= Bibliotheca di storia della medicina , II, 1-5), volume 2, pp. 497-724.
  15. ↑ Gundolf Keil , Roger Gloss'. In: Encyclopedia of Medical History. 2005, p. 1262.
  16. ↑ Gundolf Keil (1992), Col. 144 f.
  17. ↑ See also Alberto Lodispoto (transl.): Brevi glosse dei quattro maestri sulla chirurgia di Ruggero e Rolando. Rome 1961.
  18. ↑ Wolfgang Löchel: The dentistry Rogers and the Rogerglossen. A contribution to the history of dentistry in the high and late Middle Ages. Pattensen 1976 (= Würzburg medical historical research , 4)
  19. ↑ Gundolf Keil: "The best advice is the icker toe can against genomen vte platearise". References to Ypermans Medicine. In: Geneeskunde in nederlandstalige teksten tot 1600. Koninklijke Academie voor Geneeskunde van België, Brussels 2012 (2013), ISBN 978-90-75273-29-8 , pp. 93-137; here: p. 103 f.
personal data
SURNAME Frugardi, Roger
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Rogerius; Frutgard, Rüdiger; Salernitanus, Rogerius; Frugard, Roger; Frugardo, Roggerio; Rogerus de Parma; Frugardi, Roggerio dei
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Lombard surgeon and surgeon (Salerno)
DATE OF BIRTH around 1138
PLACE OF BIRTH Po plain
DATE OF DEATH around 1194