Surgeon from the Weser

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The so-called Surgeon of the Weser (* before 1220, † before 1266) a Westphalian was surgeon (wound and ophthalmologist) and author of a manuscript with surgical texts written as comments by the lectures of the Burgundian surgeon William Burgensis (Wilhelm de Congenis called ) who taught him in Montpellier .

Life

The by name not known "surgeon from the Weser" studied around 1220 to 1230 at the universities of Bologna and Montpellier . At the medical school in Montpellier he met Wilhelm Burgensis (de Congenis), got to know his surgical methods and wrote down the lectures he had given on Roger Frugardi's surgery . These medical-scientific treatises, written in Provence , found widespread use and established his fame.

The manuscript Cyrurgia domini et magistri Willehelmi de Congenis describes the medicine of his teacher in the form of a continuous commentary, who in turn referred to the surgery of Roger Frugardi, who came from Parma. Wilhelm was the doctor of the military commander Simon de Montfort , his German student, the "surgeon from the Weser", wrote the manuscript after Wilhelm's death and dedicated it to his duke "domino meo O. duci". This was identified as Duke Otto the child of Braunschweig and Lüneburg , since the author's Low German origin from his work as a surgeon in Höxter and Corvey in the Weserbergland is assumed.

In a second comment ( Notulae ) he also wrote about his own experiences in a practice in Paris and in the Weser region. There he described a surgical treatment in the area of ​​the face that he had performed on both eyes with Magister Henricus. This was canon of the Niggenkerken monastery (Nova ecclesia) zu Höxter. In his eye operations he had specialized in eyelid surgery (for the treatment of entropion or ectropion in the symptoms of trichiasis or epiphora ) and the cataract and developed his own surgical instruments. It is possible that he also acted as a personal physician in the vicinity of the Duke of Braunschweig . In this way, the "surgeon from the Weser" represented the latest findings in the field of plastic surgery in the Guelph area , which he had acquired in Bologna, Montpellier, Paris and Germany and recorded in several writings.

Like Ortolf von Baierland, the surgeon from the Weser was an exception in the surgeon profession, as both of them studied at medical schools for their training, which was rather rare in the 13th century. At Höxter, medical instruments were discovered in 1988 during archaeological excavations of the Department of Prehistory and Protohistory of the University of Göttingen in the submerged city of Corvey in the basement of a house west of the Marktkirche that was destroyed in 1265, suggesting that the surgeon may have lived there.

literature

  • Ryszard Ganszyniecz: To the surgery of Wilhelm de Congenis. In: Sudhoffs Archive (= archive for the history of medicine). Volume 13, 1921, pp. 166-170.
  • Gundolf Keil : surgeon from the Weser. In: Burghart Wachinger et al. (Hrsg.): The German literature of the Middle Ages. Author Lexicon . 2nd, completely revised edition, volume 1: 'A solis ortus cardine' - Colmar Dominican chronicler. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1978, ISBN 3-11-007264-5 , Sp. 1196 f. ( books.google.de ).
  • Gundolf Keil: surgeon from the Weser. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil, Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 250 f.
  • Hans-Georg Stephan: The surgeon from the Weser (approx. 1200-1265). A stroke of luck in archeology and medical history. In: Journal for the History of Science. Volume 77. Sudhoffs Archives, 1993, OCLC 695185673 , pp. 174-192.
  • Hans-Georg Stephan (with Gundolf Keil): Medical instruments, presumably from the possession of the "surgeon from the Weser". In: Hans-Jürgen Kotzur (Ed.): No war is holy. The crusades. Von Zabern, Mainz 2004, ISBN 3-8053-3240-8 , pp. 444-446.
  • Barbara Kössel-Luckhardt: surgeon from the Weser. In: Horst-Rüdiger Jarck , Dieter Lent et al. (Ed.): Braunschweigisches Biographisches Lexikon - 8th to 18th century . Appelhans Verlag, Braunschweig 2006, ISBN 3-937664-46-7 , p. 142 .

expenditure

  • Julius Pagel (ed.): The surgery of Wilhelm von Congeinna (Congenis) Fragment of a college notebook based on a manuscript from the Erfurt Amploniana. Reimer, Berlin 1891, OCLC 722104639 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Gundolf Keil: Roger Frugardi. In: The German literature of the Middle Ages. Author Lexicon . 2nd edition, Volume VIII, Berlin / New York 1992, Sp. 140-153; here: col. 145 f.
  2. ^ A b Barbara Kössel-Luckhardt: Surgeon from the Weser. In: Horst-Rüdiger Jarck , Dieter Lent et al. (Ed.): Braunschweigisches Biographisches Lexikon - 8th to 18th century . Appelhans Verlag, Braunschweig 2006, ISBN 3-937664-46-7 , p. 142 .
  3. ↑ Hans-Georg Stephan: The surgeon from the Weser (approx. 1200-1265). Pp. 174-192.
  4. ↑ Gundolf Keil: "blutken - bloedekijn". Notes on the etiology of the hyposphagma genesis in the 'Pommersfeld Silesian Eye Booklet' (1st third of the 15th century). With an overview of the ophthalmological texts of the German Middle Ages. In: Specialized prose research - Crossing borders. Volume 8/9, 2012/2013, pp. 7–175, here: p. 44.
  5. ↑ Gundolf Keil: "blutken – bloedekijn". Notes on the etiology of the hyposphagma genesis in the 'Pommersfeld Silesian Eye Booklet' (1st third of the 15th century). With an overview of the ophthalmological texts of the German Middle Ages. In: Specialized prose research - Crossing borders. Volume 8/9, 2012/2013, pp. 7–175, here: pp. 44 f.
  6. ↑ Andreas König, city archaeologist: WKE - Topic 26: The surgeon - Did the famous “surgeon from the Weser” also live in Corvey? on hoexter.de.
personal data
SURNAME Surgeon from the Weser
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Surgeon, commentator and narrator
DATE OF BIRTH before 1220
DATE OF DEATH before 1266