Roger Guérillot

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Roger Guérillot, 1964

Roger Guérillot (born November 12, 1904 in Paris , † October 31, 1971 in Uccle ) was a French colonist in Ubangi-Shari , who was involved in the independence process of the Central African Republic . He took their citizenship in 1961 and represented his new homeland on several diplomatic missions.

Guérillot is best known for having worked on the Comité de salut économique as part of the loi-cadre Defferre (1957–1958) . This failed project to increase the number of plantations in Ubangi-Shari was guided by conservative ideas, the guise of which was the involvement of the emancipation movement of the colonies. In general, Guérillot's political action was undisputed as an expression of exclusively personal interests.

Life

From extreme colonialism to the African autonomy movement

Soldiers of the Forces françaises libres in Ubangi-Shari, 1940

Roger Guérillot was born in the 14th arrondissement of Paris to the 21-year-old domestic servant Marie Guérillot who worked for a family in the 16th arrondissement. This origin, it seems, made him feel inferior. Towards the end of his life, Roger Guérillot arbitrarily added two middle names to his personal status information, Léon and Charles, and described himself as a graduate of the École Spéciale des Travaux Publics , which the Michelin company hired in 1928 as an engineer in the technical service in Paris would have. The historian Pierre Kalck noted that Guérillot had held the post of simple mechanic at Michelin, who was sent to French Equatorial Africa in 1928 to work in the technical service for steamers. In 1935 Guérillot stopped working for Michelin, settled in Ubangi-Shari and worked first for the Société d'ateliers mécaniques africains , then for the Société d'exploitation forestière et industrial (SEFI). In July 1940, at the time of the invasion of France by the Axis powers , he fought on the side of the Forces françaises libres . This earned him the Order of Merit of the Liberation , the Médaille de la Résistance and the Médaille commémorative des services volontaires dans la France libre .

As a result of the Brazzaville Conference in 1944, a liberalization of colonial society became apparent in French Equatorial Africa. Guérillot opposed this development and refused to grant the African people political rights. As a result, his attitude towards the colonial administration became more hostile. His political commitment became stronger when he, meanwhile recruited by the transport company Uniroute , began to establish appropriate networks by joining the Bangui Chamber of Commerce and the Masonic lodge there . Thanks to their support, he was elected to the Territorial Assembly of Ubangi-Shari by the Electoral College of Europeans in 1952. In the same year, his parliamentary colleagues gave him a seat on the Grand Council of French Equatorial Africa.

Like many colonists, Guérillot was initially hostile to the local MP Barthélemy Boganda . In 1954 he proposed to Louis Sanmarco , the governor of the territory, to form anti-Bogandist militias. When his proposal was rejected, he changed his mind. The development towards an internal autonomy of the territory seemed irreversible. The central administration worked towards the elimination of the double electoral colleges. With the consent of other Europeans residing in Bangui, Guérillot reached an agreement with Boganda in 1955 that led to the establishment of the Intergroupe Libéral Oubanguien (ILO), a colorful political group in which Guérillot assumed the function of vice-president. He rose to the position of vice-president of both the Ubangi-Shari Territorial Assembly and the Grand Council of French Equatorial Africa in 1956. The MP Boganda trusted him so much that he appointed him treasurer of his party Mouvement pour l'évolution sociale de l'Afrique noire (MESAN). In 1957, Guérillot was one of eight Europeans elected to the Territorial Assembly on a MESAN list. He ran in Lobaye .

As Minister of the Ubangi-Shari Overseas Territory

Formation of government and reactions to social demands

After the loi-cadre Deferre of 1956 came into force, the elections of 1957 aimed to form a local government of their own. Although Boganda was the superior election winner, he refused to join the government himself. However, he personally decided on their composition. On May 14, 1957, Roger Guérillot was the only white of the six ministers appointed. He took over the large area of ​​administrative and economic affairs, so he was Minister of the Interior and Economics. Guérillot adopted a paternalistic attitude towards his African ministerial colleagues: he took care of their material inventory, he ordered a car for each, chose their residences and furnished their offices. Above all, however, he managed to ensure that he acted as the only intermediary between Boganda and his ministers until November 1957. All requests addressed to the MESAN party chairman first landed on Guérillot's desk. This procedure seemed to have been practiced without Boganda's knowledge.

In October 1957, when the social demands of African civil servants in Ubangi-Shari for an alignment with their white colleagues had become loud, Guérillot decided to carry out a salary increase. Since it was financially impossible to implement this promise, the local government followed another idea by Guérillot: It asked Paris to release 400 million francs for the “special promotion of high African officials”. The answer was negative. Guérillot then organized, together with Boganda, a smear campaign against high administrative officials of the French overseas territories.

Tax reform project

In December 1957, Abel Goumba , who was formally the head of the local government, presented to the Territorial Assembly the Council of Ministers' budget for 1958, which included increased taxation of corporate profits that are not reinvested in Ubangi-Shari. At the meeting on December 20, Roger Guérillot distanced himself from the government by criticizing the “ asphyxia ” expected of the U. bang economy and suggesting that certain taxes and duties should be replaced by a fuel tax. This project, called "système de détaxation-surtaxation", was influenced by the developmental theories of the founder of the cosmetics company L'Oréal , Eugène Schueller .

The plans for a high taxation of fuel were deepened when Guérillot dealt in the spring of 1958 with how rural collectives in Ubangi-Shari could be financed. Guérillot put their founding costs, which burden the local budget, in the order of 60 to 80 million CFA francs. By a new breakdown of the taxes, including a sufficient spread of the new tax burdens, Guérillot hoped a significant increase in the revenue for the state budget. A corresponding plan was the establishment of a monopoly oil company in Ubangi-Shari, which should have the exclusive right to sell fuel and pay a sales tax for the benefit of the state treasury. For Guérillot, his “système de détaxation-surtaxation” could of course only be used with difficulty on the level of Ubangi-Shari. He proposed to the Grand Council in Brazzaville that the concept be implemented throughout French Aquatorial Africa. The project failed, especially since, as Abel Goumba noted, a tax cut would primarily benefit the tertiary sector, whereas a tax increase would put the primary and secondary sectors at a further disadvantage.

Failure of the Comité de salut économique

There was a rivalry within the government between Roger Guérillot and Abel Goumba. In December 1957, Guérillot ensured that an educational policy-oriented development project proposed by Goumba in September 1957 was no longer pursued, and he got his own project on track: the Comité de salut économique . Guérillot's “Committee of Economic Welfare” set itself the goal of creating an additional 100,000 hectares of coffee plantations run by African families between 1958 and 1970, and ultimately to have 77 factories available to process the 50,000 tons of coffee expected at the end of the program. Guérillot estimated the cost of the project at four billion CFA francs. From the start of production, the planters themselves should gradually pay for the financing, who should reimburse around 3.5 billion CFA Francs in advance payments, framework costs and the costs of setting up the factories. Boganda, attracted by the project, took over the chairmanship of the Comité de salut économique .

Experts found that it was not possible to provide the necessary plant material in the foreseeable future. Under these circumstances, Guérillot hoped to stimulate the general economy for the time being by increasing the yields of cotton and peanut plantings and thus to be able to fall back on higher tax revenues. To achieve this goal, “inspectors” were chosen from among the unemployed in Bangui to “stimulate” the farmers. There were riots. The venture faced hostility from villagers, village chiefs and elected officials. In order to reward the “controllers”, Guérillot appealed to a “union of capital and labor,” which consisted of colonists who were supposed to provide for the financial needs. The latter remained skeptical of an enterprise whose theoretical framework did not seem to fit the pedological , sociological and economic realities of the country. As a result, the Comité de salut économique had to be content with the limited public funds that Ubangi-Shari borrowed from the Parisian central government: in March 1958, this amounted to ten million CFA francs.

Falling out with Boganda

Roger Guérillot fell out of favor with Boganda for a variety of reasons. In July 1958 he was deprived of administrative affairs and transferred to David Dacko . Guérillot remained Minister for Economic Affairs until December 1958.

In his role as treasurer of Boganda's MESAN, Roger Guérillot organized an internal security service under the acronym SOM (for Service d'Ordre du Mouvement ). The SOM consisted of about sixty people, including many Europeans, who were paid monthly from the party coffers. Training camps were held in the Mamadou Mbaïki neighborhood on the outskirts of Bangui. One of those responsible was the Czechoslovak Otto Sacher, who later worked as director of the main N'garagba prison in Bangui under the regime of Dacko and Bokassa . Guérillot justified the existence of the SOM to Abel Goumba as a reliable means of guaranteeing the security of every minister and, in view of the deep crisis of the Fourth Republic , at best facilitating the transition of Ubangi-Shari to an independent republic. Apparently, the SOM members had already worked as “controllers” for the Comité de salut économique . After complaints from SOM members about unpaid wages, the treasury was checked, which revealed the existence of a brisk arms trade in addition to an empty party fund.

Roger Guérillot's political survival was therefore under a bad star, since Boganda saw the form in which Guérillot was trying to secure the Senate seat for Ubangi-Shari in Paris, for which Hector Riviérez was intended. Guérillot took advantage of Boganda's absence from Bangui to convince the members of the Ubangi Shari Territory Assembly and the MESAN leadership to intervene in his favor. These intrigues deeply angered Boganda.

Finally, Abel Goumba also came to the conclusion that Guérillot expected to receive a certain commission on the fuel supplied if his fuel tax were introduced.

In the diplomatic service of the Central African Republic

Although he could no longer count on Boganda's favor, Guérillot was not removed from any public office. Apparently the MESAN chairman feared Guérillot's influence. He should only be removed from Bangui. He was offered the post of Deputy General Delegate for Ubangi-Shari in Paris, where he would be under the leadership of General Delegate Philippe Monin . The task was to liaise with European organizations for the benefit of Ubangi-Shari. Roger Guérillot did not accept the appointment until his new salary was in line with his previous ministerial salary and his appointment as General Delegate - and not just as Monin's deputy - was assured.

General Bokassa, 1970

For Roger Guérillot this was the beginning of a long diplomatic career in the service of the Central African Republic, the state that emerged from Ubangi-Shari on December 1, 1958. This career began in the General Delegation in Paris, where Guérillot first had to accept a demotion in favor of his rival Philippe Monin. On January 1, 1961, he was downgraded to a simple commercial attaché at the embassy in Paris, which he remained until February 13, 1962. In the meantime he had obtained citizenship of the Central African Republic by a decree of October 11, 1961. This was the prerequisite for his being appointed permanent ambassador of the Central African Republic to Belgium , Luxembourg and the European Economic Community in February 1962 . From July 1963 to October 1965 he was also ambassador to the Federal Republic of Germany . The Central African government relieved him of his duties in Brussels in 1970 to appoint him as the culmination of his career as ambassador to Washington, DC .

Roger Guérillot had regained some influence on the political landscape of the Central African Republic after Boganda's death in March 1959. He was one of those circles who suggested to David Dacko, Boganda's successor, that the formation of a new national army should be in the hands of Captain Jean-Bedel Bokassa. Guerillot got on well with Bokassa. The journalist Pierre Péan noted that Guérillot may have played a decisive role in developing the fascination that Bokassa had for Napoleon Bonaparte . On October 31, 1971, Roger Guérillot died of a heart attack in a clinic in Uccle, a suburb of Brussels. General Bokassa organized the official funeral ceremony in Bangui, where a street was named after Guérillot.

Classification and aftermath

Roger Guérillot was one of those European colonists who supported the emancipation process of the colonies, be it through opportunism or through conviction. When African political leaders came to head the newly created local governments, they appointed these Europeans to ministerial offices as well. In the French colonies, this phenomenon occurred in French Equatorial Africa as well as in French West Africa and Madagascar . In French West Africa, a former Third Republic MP , Georges Monnet, who was close to Félix Houphouët-Boigny , was Ivory Coast's Agriculture Minister from 1959 to 1961 . In Madagascar, the teacher Eugène Lechat, a partisan of Philibert Tsiranana , was entrusted with the department for public buildings in 1959, which he headed as Minister without interruption until the uprising in May 1972.

In the various territories of French Equatorial Africa, Roger Guérillot propagated the model of the Intergroupe Libéral Oubanguien (ILO) with a view to creating an Intergroupe Libéral Aéfien encompassing all these territories . In fact, this path was only taken in French Congo after Guérillot had contacted the local politician Fulbert Youlou there. On October 15, 1956, the Intergroupe libéral du Moyen-Congo emerged from the Union Démocratique de Défense des Intérêts Africains (UDDIA) by Fulbert Youlou and the Union du Moyen-Congo (UMC) by the colonist Christian Jayle, who in the time of the Vichy- Regime's cabinet director. This rapprochement resulted in Youlou transferring the post of Secretary of State for Information to Jayle in February 1959, which he held until April 1960.

literature

Articles in magazines

  • Mort de Roger Guerillot . In: Marchés tropicaux et méditerranéens . vol. 28th Paris 1971.
  • Roger Léon Charles Guérillot . In: Studia diplomatica: biography of the chef de mission diplomatique à Bruxelles . vol. 35. Brussels 1982.

Articles in books

  • Pierre Kalck: Guérillot, Roger . In: Historical Dictionary of the Central African Republic . 3. Edition. Scarecrow Press, Metuchen 2005, ISBN 978-0-8108-4913-6 .
  • Jacques Serre: Roger Guérillot . In: Biographie de David Dacko: premier président de la République centrafricaine, 1930–2003 . Éditions L'Harmattan, Paris 2007, ISBN 2-296-02318-5 .

Books

  • Géraldine Faes, Stephen Smith: Bokassa Ier un empereur français . Éditions Grasset & Fasquelle, Paris 2000, ISBN 978-2-7021-4832-7 .
  • Abel Goumba: Les Mémoires et les Réflexions politiques du Résistant anti-colonial, democrate et militant panafricaniste . vol. 1: De la loi-cadre à la mort de Barthélemy Boganda. Ccinia, Paris 2007, ISBN 2-915568-07-3 .
  • Pierre Kalck: Histoire centrafricaine des origines à 1966 . 2nd Edition. Éditions L'Harmattan, Paris 1992, ISBN 2-7384-1556-3 .
  • Pierre Kalck: Barthélemy Boganda . Éditions Sépia, Saint-Maur-des-Fossés 1995, ISBN 2-907888-58-7 .
  • Pierre Péan: Bokassa Ier . Alain Moreau, Paris 1977.
  • Louis Sanmarco: Le colonisateur colonisé . Éditions ABC, Paris 1983, ISBN 2-85809-125-0 .

University thesis

  • Jean-Pierre Bat: La décolonisation de l'AEF selon Foccart: entre stratégies politiques et tactiques sécuritaires (1956–1969) . vol. 1. Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, Paris 2011.

Notes and individual references

Remarks

  1. ↑ With the loi Lamine Guèye , a law passed on May 7, 1946, the Fourth Republic elevated all indigenous inhabitants of the French colonial empire to "citizens of the Union française ". Although this was not synonymous with the collective granting of French citizenship, Union citizenship gave the indigenous population access to certain freedoms (freedom of assembly, association, settlement and freedom of the press) and their representation in political bodies. The difference between citizenship of the Union and French citizenship was reflected in the political elections in the overseas territories, which were held by means of "double electoral colleges". The locals, who were simple Union citizens, chose their own representatives in parallel with the French citizens, the European colonists. This system allowed the colonists to maintain a noticeable influence on local politics.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Roger Léon Charles Guérillot . In: Studia diplomatica: biography of the chef de mission diplomatique à Bruxelles . vol. 35. Brussels 1982, p. 42 .
  2. ^ Pierre Kalck: Guérillot, Roger . In: Historical Dictionary of the Central African Republic . 3. Edition. Scarecrow Press, Metuchen 2005, ISBN 978-0-8108-4913-6 , pp. 96 .
  3. ↑ a b c Jacques Serre: Roger Guérillot . In: Biographie de David Dacko: premier président de la République centrafricaine, 1930–2003 . Éditions L'Harmattan, Paris 2007, ISBN 2-296-02318-5 , pp. 309 .
  4. ↑ Abel Goumba: Les Mémoires et les Réflexions politiques du Resistant anti-colonial, democrate et militant panafricaniste . vol. 1: De la loi-cadre à la mort de Barthélemy Boganda. Ccinia, Paris 2007, ISBN 2-915568-07-3 , pp. 59 .
  5. ↑ Louis Sanmarco: Le colonisateur colonisé . Éditions ABC, Paris 1983, ISBN 2-85809-125-0 , pp. 176 .
  6. ↑ a b Abel Goumba: Les Mémoires et les Réflexions politiques du Resistant anti-colonial, democrate et militant panafricaniste . vol. 1: De la loi-cadre à la mort de Barthélemy Boganda. Ccinia, Paris 2007, ISBN 2-915568-07-3 , pp. 19 .
  7. ↑ Abel Goumba: Les Mémoires et les Réflexions politiques du Resistant anti-colonial, democrate et militant panafricaniste . vol. 1: De la loi-cadre à la mort de Barthélemy Boganda. Ccinia, Paris 2007, ISBN 2-915568-07-3 , pp. 18 .
  8. ^ Pierre Kalck: Histoire centrafricaine des origines à 1966 . 2nd Edition. Éditions L'Harmattan, Paris 1992, ISBN 2-7384-1556-3 , pp. 289 .
  9. ↑ Abel Goumba: Les Mémoires et les Réflexions politiques du Resistant anti-colonial, democrate et militant panafricaniste . vol. 1: De la loi-cadre à la mort de Barthélemy Boganda. Ccinia, Paris 2007, ISBN 2-915568-07-3 , pp. 89 .
  10. ↑ Abel Goumba: Les Mémoires et les Réflexions politiques du Resistant anti-colonial, democrate et militant panafricaniste . vol. 1: De la loi-cadre à la mort de Barthélemy Boganda. Ccinia, Paris 2007, ISBN 2-915568-07-3 , pp. 97 .
  11. ↑ Abel Goumba: Les Mémoires et les Réflexions politiques du Resistant anti-colonial, democrate et militant panafricaniste . vol. 1: De la loi-cadre à la mort de Barthélemy Boganda. Ccinia, Paris 2007, ISBN 2-915568-07-3 , pp. 26 .
  12. ↑ Abel Goumba: Les Mémoires et les Réflexions politiques du Resistant anti-colonial, democrate et militant panafricaniste . vol. 1: De la loi-cadre à la mort de Barthélemy Boganda. Ccinia, Paris 2007, ISBN 2-915568-07-3 , pp. 28 .
  13. ↑ Abel Goumba: Les Mémoires et les Réflexions politiques du Resistant anti-colonial, democrate et militant panafricaniste . vol. 1: De la loi-cadre à la mort de Barthélemy Boganda. Ccinia, Paris 2007, ISBN 2-915568-07-3 , pp. 29 .
  14. ↑ Abel Goumba: Les Mémoires et les Réflexions politiques du Resistant anti-colonial, democrate et militant panafricaniste . vol. 1: De la loi-cadre à la mort de Barthélemy Boganda. Ccinia, Paris 2007, ISBN 2-915568-07-3 , pp. 52 .
  15. ↑ Abel Goumba: Les Mémoires et les Réflexions politiques du Resistant anti-colonial, democrate et militant panafricaniste . vol. 1: De la loi-cadre à la mort de Barthélemy Boganda. Ccinia, Paris 2007, ISBN 2-915568-07-3 , pp. 53 .
  16. ↑ a b Abel Goumba: Les Mémoires et les Réflexions politiques du Resistant anti-colonial, democrate et militant panafricaniste . vol. 1: De la loi-cadre à la mort de Barthélemy Boganda. Ccinia, Paris 2007, ISBN 2-915568-07-3 , pp. 107 .
  17. ↑ a b Abel Goumba: Les Mémoires et les Réflexions politiques du Resistant anti-colonial, democrate et militant panafricaniste . vol. 1: De la loi-cadre à la mort de Barthélemy Boganda. Ccinia, Paris 2007, ISBN 2-915568-07-3 , pp. 113 .
  18. ↑ Abel Goumba: Les Mémoires et les Réflexions politiques du Resistant anti-colonial, democrate et militant panafricaniste . vol. 1: De la loi-cadre à la mort de Barthélemy Boganda. Ccinia, Paris 2007, ISBN 2-915568-07-3 , pp. 109 .
  19. ↑ Abel Goumba: Les Mémoires et les Réflexions politiques du Resistant anti-colonial, democrate et militant panafricaniste . vol. 1: De la loi-cadre à la mort de Barthélemy Boganda. Ccinia, Paris 2007, ISBN 2-915568-07-3 , pp. 54 .
  20. ↑ Abel Goumba: Les Mémoires et les Réflexions politiques du Resistant anti-colonial, democrate et militant panafricaniste . vol. 1: De la loi-cadre à la mort de Barthélemy Boganda. Ccinia, Paris 2007, ISBN 2-915568-07-3 , pp. 61 .
  21. ↑ Abel Goumba: Les Mémoires et les Réflexions politiques du Resistant anti-colonial, democrate et militant panafricaniste . vol. 1: De la loi-cadre à la mort de Barthélemy Boganda. Ccinia, Paris 2007, ISBN 2-915568-07-3 , pp. 70 .
  22. ↑ Abel Goumba: Les Mémoires et les Réflexions politiques du Resistant anti-colonial, democrate et militant panafricaniste . vol. 1: De la loi-cadre à la mort de Barthélemy Boganda. Ccinia, Paris 2007, ISBN 2-915568-07-3 , pp. 75 .
  23. ↑ a b Pierre Kalck: Barthélemy Boganda . Éditions Sépia, Saint-Maur-des-Fossés 1995, ISBN 2-907888-58-7 , p. 146 .
  24. ↑ Abel Goumba: Les Mémoires et les Réflexions politiques du Resistant anti-colonial, democrate et militant panafricaniste . vol. 1: De la loi-cadre à la mort de Barthélemy Boganda. Ccinia, Paris 2007, ISBN 2-915568-07-3 , pp. 76 .
  25. ↑ a b Pierre Kalck: Histoire centrafricaine des origines à 1966 . 2nd Edition. Éditions L'Harmattan, Paris 1992, ISBN 2-7384-1556-3 , pp. 295 .
  26. ↑ a b Jacques Serre: Roger Guérillot . In: Biographie de David Dacko: premier président de la République centrafricaine, 1930–2003 . Éditions L'Harmattan, Paris 2007, ISBN 2-296-02318-5 , pp. 310 .
  27. ^ Pierre Kalck: Barthélemy Boganda . Éditions Sépia, Saint-Maur-des-Fossés 1995, ISBN 2-907888-58-7 , p. 145 .
  28. ↑ Abel Goumba: Les Mémoires et les Réflexions politiques du Resistant anti-colonial, democrate et militant panafricaniste . vol. 1: De la loi-cadre à la mort de Barthélemy Boganda. Ccinia, Paris 2007, ISBN 2-915568-07-3 , pp. 90 .
  29. ↑ a b Jean-Pierre Bat: La décolonisation de l'AEF selon Foccart: entre stratégies politiques et tactiques sécuritaires (1956-1969) . vol. 1. Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, Paris 2011, p. 201 .
  30. ↑ a b Abel Goumba: Les Mémoires et les Réflexions politiques du Resistant anti-colonial, democrate et militant panafricaniste . vol. 1: De la loi-cadre à la mort de Barthélemy Boganda. Ccinia, Paris 2007, ISBN 2-915568-07-3 , pp. 117 .
  31. ↑ a b Abel Goumba: Les Mémoires et les Réflexions politiques du Resistant anti-colonial, democrate et militant panafricaniste . vol. 1: De la loi-cadre à la mort de Barthélemy Boganda. Ccinia, Paris 2007, ISBN 2-915568-07-3 , pp. 118 .
  32. ↑ Abel Goumba: Les Mémoires et les Réflexions politiques du Resistant anti-colonial, democrate et militant panafricaniste . vol. 1: De la loi-cadre à la mort de Barthélemy Boganda. Ccinia, Paris 2007, ISBN 2-915568-07-3 , pp. 115 .
  33. ↑ Abel Goumba: Les Mémoires et les Réflexions politiques du Resistant anti-colonial, democrate et militant panafricaniste . vol. 1: De la loi-cadre à la mort de Barthélemy Boganda. Ccinia, Paris 2007, ISBN 2-915568-07-3 , pp. 116 .
  34. ^ Pierre Kalck: Barthélemy Boganda . Éditions Sépia, Saint-Maur-des-Fossés 1995, ISBN 2-907888-58-7 , p. 158 .
  35. ^ Pierre Kalck: Barthélemy Boganda . Éditions Sépia, Saint-Maur-des-Fossés 1995, ISBN 2-907888-58-7 , p. 180 .
  36. ↑ a b Abel Goumba: Les Mémoires et les Réflexions politiques du Resistant anti-colonial, democrate et militant panafricaniste . vol. 1: De la loi-cadre à la mort de Barthélemy Boganda. Ccinia, Paris 2007, ISBN 2-915568-07-3 , pp. 119 .
  37. ↑ Abel Goumba: Les Mémoires et les Réflexions politiques du Resistant anti-colonial, democrate et militant panafricaniste . vol. 1: De la loi-cadre à la mort de Barthélemy Boganda. Ccinia, Paris 2007, ISBN 2-915568-07-3 , pp. 121 .
  38. ↑ Abel Goumba: Les Mémoires et les Réflexions politiques du Resistant anti-colonial, democrate et militant panafricaniste . vol. 1: De la loi-cadre à la mort de Barthélemy Boganda. Ccinia, Paris 2007, ISBN 2-915568-07-3 , pp. 120 .
  39. ↑ a b Mort de Roger Guérillot . In: Marchés tropicaux et méditerranéens . vol. 28. Paris 1971, p. 3348 .
  40. ^ Géraldine Faes, Stephen Smith: Bokassa Ier un empereur français . Éditions Grasset & Fasquelle, Paris 2000, ISBN 978-2-7021-4832-7 .
  41. ↑ Pierre Péan: Bokassa Ier . Alain Moreau, Paris 1977, p. 102 .
  42. ↑ Georges Monnet. Assemblée nationale, accessed March 6, 2013 (French).
  43. ↑ Jean Pierre Penette, Christine Penette Loha: Eugène Lechat . In: Jean Pierre Pénette (Ed.): Le livre d'or de l'aviation malgache . Antananarivo 2005, ISBN 978-2-9523646-0-7 , pp. 67 .
  44. ^ Jean-Pierre Bat: La décolonisation de l'AEF selon Foccart: entre stratégies politiques et tactiques sécuritaires (1956–1969) . vol. 1. Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, Paris 2011, p. 73 .
  45. ^ Abraham Ndinga-Mbo: Pour une histoire du Congo-Brazzaville. Méthodologie et réflexions . Éditions L'Harmattan, Paris 2004, ISBN 978-2-7475-5607-1 , pp. 88 .
  46. ↑ Philippe Moukoko: Jayle Christian . In: Dictionnaire général du Congo-Brazzaville . Éditions L'Harmattan, Paris 1999, ISBN 978-2-7384-8222-8 , pp. 157 .
This version was added to the list of articles worth reading on March 28, 2013 .
personal data
SURNAME Guerillot, Roger
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French colonist in Ubangi-Shari
DATE OF BIRTH November 12, 1904
PLACE OF BIRTH Paris
DATE OF DEATH October 31, 1971
Place of death Uccle