Roman Zambrowski

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Roman Zambrowski (1949)

Roman Zambrowski (born July 15, 1909 in Warsaw ; † August 19, 1977 ibid) was a colonel and politician in the People's Republic of Poland , who, among other things, was a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee between 1945 and 1963 and from 1948 to 1954 and again between 1956 and 1963 was secretary of the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers' Party PZPR ( Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza ) . In addition, from 1945 to 1945 he was chairman of the special commission to combat fraud and behavior that was harmful to the economy.

Life

Beginning of political engagement and World War II

Zambrowski, who came from a Jewish family , joined the Communist Youth Association KZMP ( Komunistyczny Związek Młodzieży Polskiej ) in 1924 and in 1928 the then Communist Party of Poland KPP (Komunistyczna Partia Polski) as a member. Between 1930 and 1938 he was a member of the Central Committee of the KZMP and between 1931 and 1936 he was head of the secretariat of the Central Committee of the KZMP. He graduated from the International Lenin School , the training center of the Communist International in Moscow , and stayed in the Soviet Union after the attack on Poland and the beginning of the Second World War .

In 1943 he was one of the main organizers of the Union of Polish Patriots ZPP (Związek Patriotów Polskich) and between 1943 and 1944 an officer in the Polish Armed Forces in the Soviet Union (Polskie Siły Zbrojne w ZSRR) . As such, he became an officer of the 1st Infantry Division " Tadeusz Kościuszko " on May 20, 1943 , with whom he was on 12/13. Took part in the Battle of Lenino October 1943 , and promoted to captain on November 11, 1943 . At the beginning of February 1944 he became deputy head of the department for political education of the 1st Corps (1 Korpus Polskich Sił Zbrojnych w ZSRR) and then in April 1944 as the representative of Major Mieczysław Mietkowski, deputy head of the department for political education of the 1st Army (1 Armia Polska w ZSRR) . After his promotion to major on May 2, 1944, he took over the post of Head of the Department of Political Education in the 1st Army on July 13, 1944. In August 1944 promoted to lieutenant colonel and as such on September 12, 1944 also a member of the Central Committee of the Polish Workers' Party PPR ( Polska Partia Robotnicza ) in Lublin . In 1944 he became a member of the State National Council ( Krajowa Rada Narodowa ) and was a member of it until 1947. After he was promoted to colonel on April 18, 1945 , he retired from active military service on October 23, 1945.

Politburo member and Central Committee secretary

Roman Zambrowski's grave in the military cemetery in the Warsaw district of Powązki

After the end of the war, Zambrowski became a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the PPR in 1945 and between 1945 and 1954 he was also the chairman of the special commission to combat fraud and economic behavior (Komisja Specjalna do Walki z Nadużyciami i Szkodnictwem Gospodarczym) . Furthermore, he became a member of the Constituent Parliament (Sejm Ustawodawczy) in 1947 and acted as Vice- Sejm Marshal between 1947 and 1952 and was thus Vice-President of the Constituent Parliament. In 1947 he also became a member of the State Council ( Rada Państwa ) , the collective state presidium of the People's Republic of Poland, to which he belonged until 1955.

In 1948 he was also a member of the organization office of the Central Committee. After the merger of the PPR with the Polish Socialist Party ( Polska Partia Socjalistyczna , PPS) to form the Polish United Workers' Party ( Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza ) in December 1948, he joined them. At this first (founding) party congress of the PZPR (December 15-22, 1948) he was confirmed as a member of the Central Committee of the Central Committee and as a member of the Politburo, to which he belonged until 1963. At the same time, he became secretary of the PZPR Central Committee for the first time in 1948 and held this position until 1954.

In the election of October 26, 1952, Zambrowski was elected a member of the Sejm for the first time and was a member of it until March 31, 1965. Between 1954 and 1955 he served as chairman of the Joint Committee of the State Council and the Council of Ministers for Administrative Territorial Reform and was then Minister for State Control between April 16, 1955 and October 24, 1956 (Minister kontroli państwowej) . In the course of the Polish October , after the election of Gomułka on October 21, 1956, he became First Secretary of the Central Committee of the PZPR on October 24, 1956, and held this function until 1963. In addition, he acted between February 20, 1957 and February 17, 1961 as chairman of the Sejm special committee to draw up a bill for the establishment of a Supreme Control Chamber.

In the course of an intra-party conflict, Zambrowski lost his seat in the Politburo of the Central Committee in 1963 and was then vice-chairman of the Supreme Control Chamber NIK ( Najwyższa Izba Kontroli ) from 1963 to 1968 . At the fourth party congress (June 15-20, 1964) he was no longer elected a member of the PZPR Central Committee. In the course of the March 1968 riots in Poland and the anti-Semitic campaign at the time, he was expelled from the PZPR and retired. His son Antoni Zambrowski was one of the student leaders in the riots in March 1968.

After his death, Zambrowski was buried in the military cemetery in the Warsaw district of Powązki .

honors and awards

For his services in the People's Republic of Poland, Zambrowski was honored several times and received, among other things, the Soviet Order of the Red Star in 1943, the Medal for Services in the Field of Fame (Medal "Zasłużonym na Polu Chwały") , 1946 the Warsaw Medal 1939 bis 1945 (Medal za Warszawę 1939-1945) and 1947 the title of Commander of the Order Polonia Restituta (Order Odrodzenia Polski) awarded.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ THE MEMOIRS MIKOLAJCZYKS. 9. Continuation . In: Der Spiegel from March 20, 1948
  2. ↑ EAST BLOCK POLAND: Ormo helps . In: Der Spiegel from March 18, 1968
personal data
SURNAME Zambrowski, novel
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Polish politician and officer, member of the Sejm
DATE OF BIRTH July 15, 1909
PLACE OF BIRTH Warsaw
DATE OF DEATH 19th August 1977
Place of death Warsaw