Horsehair pale pearling
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Horsehair pale spur ( Gymnopus androsaceus ) |
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| ( L .: Fr. ) Della Maggiora & Trassinelli |
The horsehair pale sporadilla ( Gymnopus androsaceus , syn. Marasmius androsaceus , Setulipes androsaceus , Androsaceus vulgaris, Androsaceus androsaceus ), better known under the former name horsehair swindle , is a species of fungus from the family of the Omphalotaceae . The small agaric mushroom has a pinkish-brown to dark red-brown, very thin-fleshed hat and a blackish, hair-thin and horn-like stem. The common and widespread species lives saprobion table in deciduous and coniferous forests in the coniferous or leaf litter.
features
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Macroscopic features
The hat is 3–10 mm wide, more or less domed and often slightly depressed in the middle or with flat bumps. The hat skin is bald, dull and wrinkled radially. It has a pink-brown to dark red-brown color, the center is usually darker than the edge. The very distant lamellae have grown broadly on the stem and have no collar . They are usually mixed with intermediate lamellas and are dirty brown-pink. The spore powder is white. The thread-thin and horn-like tough stalk is 3–6 cm long and up to 0.5–1 mm wide. It is bald, shiny, black to dark brown and dry, often grooved and twisted. At the base of the "Schwindling" has conspicuous, black horsehair-like mycelium strands , which are also known as rhizoids . The thin, membranous or paper-like flesh is dark red-brown and has no particular smell or taste.
Microscopic features
The elliptical to nuclear-shaped, 6–9 µm long and 3–4 µm wide spores are smooth, translucent and inamyloid . The basidia are 4-spore, cystidia are absent. In the hat skin there are irregular hyphae cells that appear brush-like due to fine, finger-like appendages .
Species delimitation
The needle- sprout ( Paragymnopus perforans ) is very similar , but has an unpleasant smell of rotten cabbage.
Ecology and phenology
The horsehair pale sprout decomposes conifer needles, fallen leaves or remains of bark and twigs.
The fruiting bodies appear between April and November.
distribution
The holarctic fungus was found in North America (USA), North America (Morocco), North Asia (China, Korea, Japan). There is also evidence from South America (Argentina) and Australia. The fungus is also found in Iceland and the Faroe Islands. In Europe it is widespread and common and occurs in the south of Portugal, through Spain and Italy to Greece and Bulgaria in the southeast. It is widespread throughout Central Europe and Fennoscandinavia and occurs in the west of France via the Benelux countries to Great Britain and Ireland.
In Germany in all federal states as well as in Austria the species is fairly common to common.
Systematics
The horsehair pale spur was first described by Carl von Linné in 1753 as Agaricus androsaceus . In 1838 Fries placed the "Schwindling" in the genus Marasmius , so that it got its long-standing name - Marasmius androsaceus . It was only in 2004 that Mata and RH Petersen showed that the fungus is related to the pale carrot. There are other synonyms, such as Agaricus pineti Batsch (1783), Chamaeceras androsaceus (L.) Kuntze, (1898) and Merulius androsaceus (L.) With. (1796) which are no longer used today. In some mushroom guides you still occasionally come across the name Androsaceus androsaceus (L.) Rea . Setulipes androsaceus is another synonym for the horsehair pale spur , as the Czech mycologist Antonín made it a type of his newly created genus Setulipes in 1987 .
meaning
The horsehair pale mushroom is not an edible mushroom.
Web links
- Marasmius androsaceus. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved April 22, 2012 (Italian, photos of the horsehair pale spur).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Vladimír Antonín, Machiel E. Noordeloos .: A monograph of marasmioid and collybioid fungi in Europe . IHW-Verlag, Eching, Germany 2010, ISBN 978-3-930167-72-2 , p. 1-479 .
- ^ A b Synonyms of Gymnopus androsaceus. (L.) JL Mata & RH Petersen, in Mata, Hughes & Petersen, Mycoscience 45 (3): 220 (2004). In: SpeciesFungorum / speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved March 19, 2012 .
- ↑ Jadson JS Oliveira, Ruby Vargas-Isla, Tiara S. Cabral, Doriane P. Rodrigues, Noemia K. Ishikawa: Progress on the phylogeny of the Omphalotaceae: Gymnopus s. str., Marasmiellus s. str., Paragymnopus gen. nov. and Pusillomyces gen. nov. In: Mycological Progress . tape 18 , no. 5 , May 2019, ISSN 1617-416X , p. 713-739 , doi : 10.1007 / s11557-019-01483-5 .
- ↑ a b Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp. 174 .
- ↑ a b c d Hans E. Laux (Ed.): The Cosmos PilzAtlas . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-440-10622-5 , p. 86 .
- ^ Roger Phillips: Marasmius androsaceus. (No longer available online.) In: rogersmushrooms.com. RogersMushrooms website, archived from the original on April 7, 2015 ; accessed on April 20, 2012 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Michael Jordan: The Encyclopedia of Fungi of Britain and Europe . 2004, ISBN 0-7112-2378-5 , pp. 188 ( Online Google Books).
- ^ Marasmius androsaceus. Pilzoek database, accessed March 23, 2012 .
- ↑ a b Worldwide distribution of Gymnopus androsaceus. In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Retrieved March 19, 2012 .
- ↑ Z. Tkalcec & A. Mesic: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia I: . Families Pleurotaceae and Tricholomataceae. In: Mycotaxon . tape 81 , 2002, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 113-176 ( online ). Online ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ GI Zervakis et al .: Mycodiversity studies in selected ecosystems of Greece: II. Macrofungi associated with conifers in the Taygetos Mountain (Peloponnese). In: Mycotaxon . Vol: 83, 2002, pp. 97-126 ( online ). Online ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Petkovski S .: National Catalog (Check List) of Species of the Republic of Macedonia . Skopje 2009 ( PDF, 1.6MB ( Memento from February 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) [accessed July 9, 2013]). National Catalog (Check List) of Species of the Republic of Macedonia ( Memento of the original from February 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ TV Andrianova et al .: Lactarius of the Ukraine. Fungi of Ukraine. (No longer available online.) In: www.cybertruffle.org.uk/ukrafung/eng. 2006, archived from the original on October 18, 2012 ; accessed on April 23, 2012 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Mushroom Distribution Atlas - Germany. In: Pilzkartierung 2000 Online / brd.pilzkartierung.de. Retrieved February 19, 2012 .
- ^ Database of mushrooms in Austria. In: austria.mykodata.net. Austrian Mycological Society, accessed March 19, 2012 .
