Rubidium hydroxide

Crystal structure
	__ Rb + __ O 2− __ D +
General
Surname	Rubidium hydroxide
Ratio formula	RbOH
Brief description	colorless solid
External identifiers / databases
ECHA InfoCard	100.013.806
PubChem	62393
Wikidata	Q121430
properties
Molar mass	102.48 g mol −1
Physical state	firmly
density	3.20 g cm −3
Melting point	301 ° C
solubility	easily soluble in water (1730 g l −1 at 30 ° C) and ethanol
safety instructions
GHS labeling of hazardous substances Caution
H and P phrases	H: 302-314
	P: 301 + 330 + 331-305 + 351 + 338
Toxicological data	900 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 , mouse , oral ) ; 586 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 , rat , oral ) ;
Thermodynamic properties
ΔH f 0	−418 kJ mol −1
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Rubidium hydroxide is a chemical compound of rubidium . It belongs to the hydroxide group and is a strong base . It is in the form of a colorless solid.

Extraction and presentation

Rubidium hydroxide can be obtained by slowly reacting elemental rubidium with gaseous water in a slight vacuum. A direct reaction with water, on the other hand, would be explosive.

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {2 \ Rb + 2 \ H_ {2} O \ longrightarrow 2 \ RbOH + \ H_ {2}}}

Pure rubidium hydroxide or its aqueous solution can be obtained from a rubidium sulfate solution by precipitation with barium hydroxide .

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {Rb_ {2} SO_ {4} + Ba (OH_ {2}) \ longrightarrow 2 \ RbOH + BaSO_ {4} \ downarrow}}

properties

Rubidium hydroxide forms four different phases depending on the temperature. An orthorhombic phase with the space group Cmc 2 ₁ (space group no. 36) and the lattice parameters a = 4.124 Å , b = 11.18 Å and c = 4.211 Å (at 193 K) is stable up to 265 K. Between 265 K and 367 K lies a monoclinic structure with the space group P 2 ₁ / m (No. 11) and the lattice parameters a = 4.151 Å, b = 4.245 Å, c = 6.030 Å and β = 104.3 ° (at 338 K) before. Between 367 K and 511 K the structure is also monoclinic with the space group P 2 ₁ / m (No. 11) , a = 4.158 Å, b = 4.276 Å, c = 6.054 Å and β = 103.7 ° (at 423 K ). Above 511 K the structure is cubic , space group Fm 3 m (No. 225) , a = 6.080 Å (at 550 K). In addition, a monohydrate and a dihydrate are known. The monohydrate crystallizes orthorhombically, space group Cmc 2 ₁ (No. 36) , with the lattice parameters a = 4.120 Å, b = 11.24 Å and c = 6.080 Å. The dihydrate crystallizes tetragonal , space group I 4 ₁ / amd (No. 141) , a = 7.349 Å, c = 13.87 Å. Template: room group / 36 Template: room group / 11Template: room group / 11Template: room group / 225Template: room group / 36Template: room group / 141

Rubidium hydroxide has chemical properties similar to sodium or potassium hydroxide, but is a stronger base. It reacts with carbon dioxide to form rubidium carbonate .

use

Rubidium hydroxide is used as a catalyst in oxidative chlorination . It can also be used as a strong base. One possible application is as an electrolyte for batteries that are used at low temperatures.

Web links

Rubidium Hydroxide Spectral Data

Individual evidence

↑ The structure determination was carried out on the deuterated compound in order to be able to determine more precise hydrogen positions.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e data sheet Rubidium hydroxide, 50% w / w aq. Soln., 99.6 +% (metals basis) from AlfaAesar, accessed on December 6, 2019 ( PDF )(JavaScript required) .

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Pradyot Patnaik: Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. McGraw-Hill, 2003, ISBN 0-07-049439-8 , p. 800.

^ Lide: 1998 Freshman Achievement Award . CRC Press, 1998, ISBN 978-0-8493-0594-8 , pp. 85 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

^ AF Holleman , E. Wiberg , N. Wiberg : Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry . 101st edition. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-11-012641-9 , p. 1174.

↑ H. Jacobs, B. Mach, H.-D. Lutz, J. Henning: Bonding conditions in the crystalline phases of rubidium hydroxide and -deuterohydroxid, RbOH and RbOD. In: Journal for inorganic and general chemistry , 544, 1987, pp. 28-54, doi: 10.1002 / zaac.19875440104 .

^ H. Jacobs, T. Tacke, J. Kockelkorn: Hydroxidmonohydrate des Kaliums und Rubidiums; Compounds whose atomic arrangements suggest the notation K (H ₂ O) OH or Rb (H ₂ O) OH. In: Journal for inorganic and general chemistry , 516, 1984, pp. 67-78, doi: 10.1002 / zaac.19845160910 .

↑ H. Jacobs, A. Schardey: An unusual H- bond system in rubidium hydroxide dihydrate, RbOH · 2 H ₂ O. In: Zeitschrift für inorganic und Allgemeine Chemie , 565, 1988, pp. 34-40, doi: 10.1002 / zaac .19885650104 .

[1] The structure determination was carried out on the deuterated compound in order to be able to determine more precise hydrogen positions.

[alfa-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e data sheet Rubidium hydroxide, 50% w / w aq. Soln., 99.6 +% (metals basis) from AlfaAesar, accessed on December 6, 2019 ( PDF )(JavaScript required) .

[Patnaik-3] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Pradyot Patnaik: Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. McGraw-Hill, 2003, ISBN 0-07-049439-8 , p. 800.

[Lide-4] Lide: 1998 Freshman Achievement Award . CRC Press, 1998, ISBN 978-0-8493-0594-8 , pp. 85 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

[5] AF Holleman , E. Wiberg , N. Wiberg : Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry . 101st edition. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-11-012641-9 , p. 1174.

[6] H. Jacobs, B. Mach, H.-D. Lutz, J. Henning: Bonding conditions in the crystalline phases of rubidium hydroxide and -deuterohydroxid, RbOH and RbOD. In: Journal for inorganic and general chemistry , 544, 1987, pp. 28-54, doi: 10.1002 / zaac.19875440104 .

[7] H. Jacobs, T. Tacke, J. Kockelkorn: Hydroxidmonohydrate des Kaliums und Rubidiums; Compounds whose atomic arrangements suggest the notation K (H ₂ O) OH or Rb (H ₂ O) OH. In: Journal for inorganic and general chemistry , 516, 1984, pp. 67-78, doi: 10.1002 / zaac.19845160910 .