Lithium hydroxide

Crystal structure
	__ Li + __ O 2− __ H +
Crystal system	orthorhombic
Space group	P 4 / mmm (No. 123)
Lattice parameters	a = 3.549 Å , c = 4.334 Å
General
Surname	Lithium hydroxide
other names	Etched lithion; Caustic lithium; Lithium oxide hydrate; LITHIUM HYDROXIDE ( INCI ) ;
Ratio formula	LiOH
Brief description	white solid
External identifiers / databases
EC number	215-183-4
ECHA InfoCard	100.013.804
PubChem	3939
ChemSpider	3802
Wikidata	Q407613
properties
Molar mass	23.95 g mol −1
Physical state	firmly
density	1.46 g cm −3
Melting point	450 ° C
boiling point	924 ° C
solubility	sparingly soluble in water ; (12.8 g / 100 g water at 20 ° C)
safety instructions
H and P phrases	H: 302-314
	P: 280-301 + 330 + 331-305 + 351 + 338-309 + 310
Toxicological data	210 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 , rat , oral )
Thermodynamic properties
ΔH f 0	−484 kJ mol −1
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Lithium hydroxide LiOH, the hydroxide of lithium , is a strong indeed, but only sparingly soluble in water base .

synthesis

Pure lithium oxide Li ₂ O reacts with water to form lithium hydroxide.

The technical production takes place through the reaction of lithium carbonate with calcium hydroxide :

{\ displaystyle {\ ce {Li2CO3 + Ca (OH) 2 -> 2LiOH + CaCO3}}}

Pure lithium hydroxide can be produced by reacting lithium sulfate with barium hydroxide octahydrate. The resulting monohydrate can be converted to anhydrate with P ₄ O ₁₀ in a vacuum.

{\ displaystyle {\ ce {Li2SO4 + Ba (OH) 2.8H2O -> 2LiOH.H2O + BaSO4 + 6H2O}}}

{\ displaystyle {\ ce {LiOH.H2O -> LiOH + H2O}}}

Alternatively, lithium hydroxide can also be produced by electrolysis of aqueous lithium salt solutions.

properties

Lithium hydroxide is a white, translucent solid with a crystal structure of the PbO type ( space group P 4 / mmm (space group no. 123) , a = 3.549, c = 4.334 Å). It is a strong base and as such it reacts with acids . Lithium hydroxide is also able to bind carbon dioxide (1 g of anhydrous lithium hydroxide binds 450 ml of CO ₂ ). Template: room group / 123

use

Most of the lithium hydroxide is required for the production of lithium stearates , which are important lubricating greases for cars and aircraft. It is also used as an air purifier due to its carbon dioxide binding effect. This is particularly important in space travel , on submarines and in pendulum breathing diving equipment ( rebreather ) . Lithium hydroxide can be added to cement and is able to suppress the alkali-silica reaction . Lithium hydroxide is also a possible additive in nickel-iron batteries .

In pressurized water reactors , lithium hydroxide is added to the primary circuit to neutralize boric acid and achieve a pH of about 7.2.

Further areas of application are photo developers, ceramic products and the production of borates .

Web links

Commons : Lithium Hydroxide - Collection of Pictures, Videos and Audio Files

International Chemical Safety Card (ICSC) for lithium hydroxide from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

Individual evidence

↑ Entry on LITHIUM HYDROXIDE in the CosIng database of the EU Commission, accessed on March 6, 2020.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Entry on lithium hydroxide in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on February 8, 2018(JavaScript required) .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d data sheet lithium hydroxide from AlfaAesar, accessed on February 6, 2010 ( PDF )(JavaScript required) . .
^ AF Holleman , N. Wiberg : Inorganische Chemie . 103rd edition. Volume 1: Basics and main group elements. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2016, ISBN 978-3-11-049585-0 , p. 1513 (reading sample: Part A - Basics of the chemistry of hydrogen. Google book search ).
↑ ^a ^b U. Wietelmann, R. Bauer: lithium and lithium compounds . In: Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry , 2000, doi : 10.1002 / 14356007.a15_393
↑ ^a ^b Georg Brauer (Ed.), With the collaboration of Marianne Baudler u a .: Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry. 3rd, revised edition. Volume II, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1978, ISBN 3-432-87813-3 , p. 958.
↑ ^a ^b Entry on lithium hydroxide. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on January 2, 2015.
↑ H.-G. Heitmann: Chemical concerns in nuclear power plants . In: Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT , 1976, 48, 2, pp. 124-129, doi : 10.1002 / cite.330480210 .

[CosIng-1] Entry on LITHIUM HYDROXIDE in the CosIng database of the EU Commission, accessed on March 6, 2020.

[GESTIS-2] Entry on lithium hydroxide in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on February 8, 2018(JavaScript required) .

[alfa-3] ta sheet lithium hydroxide from AlfaAesar, accessed on February 6, 2010 ( PDF )(JavaScript required) . .

[4] AF Holleman , N. Wiberg : Inorganische Chemie . 103rd edition. Volume 1: Basics and main group elements. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2016, ISBN 978-3-11-049585-0 , p. 1513 (reading sample: Part A - Basics of the chemistry of hydrogen. Google book search ).

[ullmann-5] U. Wietelmann, R. Bauer: lithium and lithium compounds . In: Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry , 2000, doi : 10.1002 / 14356007.a15_393

[brauer-6] Georg Brauer (Ed.), With the collaboration of Marianne Baudler u a .: Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry. 3rd, revised edition. Volume II, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1978, ISBN 3-432-87813-3 , p. 958.

[Römpp-7] Entry on lithium hydroxide. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on January 2, 2015.

[8] H.-G. Heitmann: Chemical concerns in nuclear power plants . In: Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT , 1976, 48, 2, pp. 124-129, doi : 10.1002 / cite.330480210 .