Romanian Communist Party

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Flag of the PCR

The Romanian Communist Party , (abbreviation RKP, Romanian Partidul Comunist Român , PCR) was a communist party in Romania . The name of the party changed several times: initially it was called Partidul Comunist din România (PCR), from March 1948 Partidul Muncitoresc Român (Romanian Workers' Party, PMR) and from 1965 Partidul Comunist Român (Romanian Communist Party).

history

1921-1945

The party was founded on May 8, 1921 as the renaming of the Romanian Socialist Party, founded in 1918. By recognizing the conditions for admission to the Communist International , the now Socialist Communist Party of Romania became a member of the Comintern. Those parts of the party congress delegates who did not acknowledge this renaming and affiliation with the Comintern initially organized themselves in other political groups and founded the Romanian Social Democratic Party (Partidul Social Democrat) in 1927. At the Second Congress of the party, which was now part of the Comintern, the name was finally changed to the Romanian Communist Party .

Despite the fact that the party was classified as an insignificant faction in terms of its social influence before World War II , it was radically persecuted by the Romanian state. For example, all participants in the 1921 party congress who agreed to join the Comintern were arrested - as evidenced by police surveillance before and during the congress. As a result of the Tatarbunary uprising , the party was banned in 1924. The later party leader Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej was imprisoned in 1933, seven years before Ion Antonescu came to power , first in Doftana prison , then in Caransebes prison and in Târgu Jiu camp for participating in a strike .

Many of their leadership members were of Jewish descent, including Ana Pauker (née Rabinsohn) and her husband Marcel Pauker , Ștefan Foriș (actually: Fóris István), Leonte Răutu (actually: Lew Oigenstein), Valter Roman, Iosif Chișinevschi , Alexandru Nikolschi (actually : Boris Grünberg), Remus Kofler, and others. Other members of the leadership were Hungarians like Vasile Luca , Alexandru Moghioroş and Iosif Rangheț, as well as the Ukrainians Emil Bodnăraş and Gheorghe Pintilie (actually: Pantelimon Bodnarenko, alias Patiuşa). Ion Gheorghe Maurer had a German family background.

During the Second World War , the PCR formed the National Democratic Bloc ( Blocul Na Democional Democratic ) with the National Liberal Party ( Partidul Național Liberal , PNL), the National Peasant Party ( Partitul National idărănesc , PNȚ) and the Social Democrats ( Partidul Social Democrat , PSD ). Its aim was to overthrow Antonescu and to negotiate an armistice with the Allies . When Ion Antonescu was overthrown in August 1944, the PCR had about a thousand members. By November 1944, the party's membership had grown to between 5,000 and 6,000.

1945-1989

Romanian Communist Party Program (1975)

In March 1945, a government formally independent of the communists was formed under Petru Groza of the Plowers Front . By the end of 1945 the party had grown to around 257,000 members. In the national elections of 1946, the Romanian Communist Party stood together with the “Ploughman Front” in a joint election platform. The Groza government was confirmed in this election, but apparently through massive election rigging.

In 1947 a peace treaty was signed and in December of the same year the reigning King of Romania Michael I abdicated. The PCR was forcibly united with the Social Democrats and took over state power. The party had 465,000 members at the time. The party leader Gheorghiu-Dej was a Stalinist . Political opponents were arrested and tortured. The expropriations in Romania began in 1945, from 1948 factory owners and industrialists were expropriated. From 1950 onwards there was forced collectivization and expropriation of the peasants; this process didn't end until the 1960s.

Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej promoted the career of Nicolae Ceaușescu . After Stalin's death in 1953 and increasingly after Ceaușescu's takeover in 1965, there was a change in national communism; Previously ostracized poets like Mihai Eminescu became socially acceptable, while historians were allowed to criticize the Soviet hegemony in veiled fashion.

1989

Until 1989 the Romanian Communist Party was the leading party. The long-time Secretary General Nicolae Ceaușescu had extensive powers. After the fall of Ceausescu , the Communist Party was dissolved.

Afterlife

In March 2002, the Bucharest court forbade the “Socialist Workers Party” ( Partidul Socialist al Munci , PSM ) to rename itself to Partidul Comunist Român (PCR) (“Romanian Communist Party”). Their successor party, the Partidul Socialist Român , finally renamed itself Partidul Comunist Român on July 3, 2010 , which was banned by the Bucharest court in January 2011.

anti-Semitism

From the late 1960s, the alleged anti-Semitism of the general population was used to withhold rights from Jews - as individuals or as a group. The Jewish population group was not recognized as a minority, some Jewish politicians were deprived of leadership positions and the Jewish victims of the Antonescu period were deprived of any substantial reparation. Even at the time of Ceaușescu , the Holocaust could be denied in the magazine Săptămâna , which at the time also published texts by Corneliu Vadim Tudor .

See also

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Hildrun Glass: Minority between two dictatorships - On the history of the Jews in Romania 1944-1949 P. 9 ff Munich: Oldenbourg 2002, ISBN 3-486-56665-2
  2. ^ "Romania in the first stage of the general crisis of capitalism" in: "History of the Recent Times 1917-1939". Berlin (GDR), 1961. pp. 349–366. P. 354.
  3. ↑ edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de (PDF; 1.9 MB), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Daniela Oancea: Mythen und Past, Romania after the Wende , 2005, accessed on April 12, 2011
  4. ↑ Vlad Georgescu, Stelian Neagoe: Istoria românilor de la origini pînă în zilele noastre, Seria Istorie, edition 4 . Humanitas, Bucharest 1995, ISBN 973-28-0548-X , pp. 381, here p. 231, in Romanian .
  5. ↑ Vladimir Tismăneanu: Fantoma lui Gheorghiu-Dej . Univers, Bucharest 1995, ISBN 973-34-0324-5 , pp. 213, here p. 27, in Romanian .
  6. ^ "The Communist Party" from the US Library of Congress ' Country Study of Romania , 1990
  7. ^ Keno Verseck : Romania , CH Beck, 2007, ISBN 3-406-55835-6 , p. 70ff
  8. ↑ Leisse accession barometer Romania: Basic problems of the country and attitudes of Romanian youths on the way to the European Union P. 52/53 DUV, 2004 ISBN 3-8244-4551-4
  9. ↑ punkto.ro, accessed on July 21, 2010
  10. ^ Ciprian Ciocan: PCR - un nume interzis. (No longer available online.) In: α news. January 31, 2011, formerly in the original ; Retrieved September 8, 2011 (Romanian).  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.alfanews.ro