Marcel Pauker

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Marcel Pauker

Marcel Pauker (born December 6, 1896 in Bucharest ; died August 16, 1938 in Butowo near Moscow ) was a Romanian civil engineer and, as a politician, a leading member of the Romanian Communist Party (RKP). He was married to the future Romanian Foreign Minister Ana Pauker and was a victim of the Great Terror .

Life

Childhood, studies and marriage

Marcel Pauker grew up as an only child in a wealthy secular Jewish family in Bucharest, his father Simion Pauker was a lawyer and publisher of various Romanian newspapers, including Adevărul . In his autobiographical notes, Marcel Pauker describes both branches of his family as "completely Romanianized and the last three generations no longer speak or understand the Jewish idiom ". Like his future wife Ana Rabinsohn, who came from an Orthodox Jewish family, he often lived in the country as a child, where, as he describes, “every year he spent four to five months in the country, doing all the field work and life and experienced suffering in the village with youthful intensity ... I was able to get to know the cannibalist peasant suction from below ... I was warm with love for our good-natured, suffering, Romanian people. "He reports how he and his siblings were on their knees sailors Matjuschenko had been sitting (1879-1907), of the uprising on the battleship Potemkin had led, after the landing of the ship in Constanta had hidden in Pauker home and was executed after his return to Russia. Pauker completed his school days in a Lutheran school in Bucharest with German as the language of instruction. After graduating from high school, he studied engineering in Bucharest and Zurich . When the First World War broke out , he returned to Romania, was drafted as an artilleryman and promoted to lieutenant in the course of the war. After the war he continued his studies in Zurich, where he graduated as an engineer in 1921. In the same year he married Ana Pauker geb. Rabinsohn, whom he had met in 1918. The couple had three children, the first of whom, daughter Tanio, died of dysentery at seven months . Although the parents were heavily burdened by this experience, it did not detract from their commitment to party work.

Communist Party member

From 1922 Marcel Pauker was a member of the Central Committee and Politburo of the RKP and editor-in-chief of the party organ Socialismul . As a delegate of the Communist Balkan Association, he traveled to Comintern conferences in Sofia (June 1922), Moscow (November – December 1922), where Lucrețiu Pătrăşcanu and Elek Köblös , who Pauker described as a Soviet spy, were present, and Berlin (1923). In Moscow he took courses at the International Lenin School , but then separated from his wife. After returning to Romania, he was arrested and spent a year in prison before being released on a general amnesty . He is described as a handsome, self-confident and impulsive character who stuck to his principles and did not hesitate in the early 1920s to criticize older, experienced party comrades, who in addition to his mentor Eugen Varga also included Soviet functionaries.

Within the Comintern he was involved in a power struggle with Vitali Holostenco (1900–1937). He described the National Peasant Party as fascist, but Holostenco received support from Béla Kun . During a recent stay in the Soviet Union, Pauker received a reprimand for his criticism of Holostenco and a ban on political activity. As part of the industrialization of the Soviet Union , he was ordered to work as an engineer in Magnitogorsk in Western Siberia , where he helped build the first quarter from 1930 to 1932 . Despite warnings from friends not to set foot on Soviet soil again after his return, at the beginning of 1937 he again traveled to Moscow, where his two children were housed in a home of the MOPR and where the Great Terror under Stalin was now in full swing. On March 21, 1937, he was arrested by the NKVD, imprisoned in Taganka prison in Moscow, and charged with espionage on behalf of Romania, which he eventually admitted, probably under torture. He was sentenced to death and at Butovo in Moscow on August 16, 1938 shot . As part of the de-Stalinization , Pauker was rehabilitated by Khrushchev in 1957 .

During his life, Pauker used various pseudonyms , including Burghezul , Herman Gugenheim , Paul Lampart , Luximin , Puiu , Priu , Semionovici Marin , Stepan and Paul Weiss . The handwritten original of his German autobiographical notes is in the archive of the Russian Ministry of Security .

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ William Totok : Comrade Stalin, as we believed you, we did not even believe ourselves. Marcel Pauker (1896-1938) - an ostracist. In: Half-yearly publication for Southeast European history, literature and politics . December 17, 2004, accessed April 25, 2019 .
  2. ^ Robert Levy: Ana Pauker . Pp. 39-40.
  3. ^ Robert Levy: Ana Pauker . P. 39.
  4. ^ Robert Levy: Ana Pauker . P. 43.
  5. ^ Robert Levy: Ana Pauker . P. 37.
  6. ^ Robert Levy: Ana Pauker . P. 62.
  7. ^ Robert Levy: Ana Pauker . P. 63.
  8. ^ Robert Levy: Ana Pauker . P. 60.
  9. ^ Robert Levy: Ana Pauker . Pp. 62, 65.
personal data
SURNAME Pauker, Marcel
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Romanian communist and engineer, husband Ana Paukers
DATE OF BIRTH December 6, 1896
PLACE OF BIRTH Bucharest
DATE OF DEATH August 16, 1938
Place of death Butowo near Moscow