Round-leaved wintergreen
Round-leaved wintergreen | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Round-leaved wintergreen ( Pyrola rotundifolia ), illustration |
||||||||||||
Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Pyrola rotundifolia | ||||||||||||
L. |
The round-leaved wintergreen ( Pyrola rotundifolia ) is a plant from the subfamily of the wintergreen and spruce asparagus plants ( Monotropoideae ) in the heather family (Ericaceae).
features
As the name suggests, like all wintergreen plants, the leaves of this plant do not die off in winter. They are either round and wedge-shaped to rounded at the base (in the subspecies Pyrola rotundifolia ssp. Maritima ) or egg-shaped and rounded to truncated at the base ( Pyrola rotundifolia ssp. Rotundifolia ), dark green and shiny. Of the Pyrola species, the round-leaved wintergreen is one of the larger and more conspicuous. A stem of the stem axis can be up to 40 centimeters high and carry up to 30 all-round flowers . As a rule, however, the stem becomes 15 to 30 centimeters high and has 8 to 15 flowers. The nodding, open, bell-shaped flowers appear mainly in June and July and have a weak smell. The petals are creamy white with a pink tinge and measure six to ten millimeters in length. The linear-lanceolate calyx tips protrude from the crown. The stylus is six to ten millimeters long, curved in an S-shape and protrudes far from the crown; it is longer than the ovary .
The fruits are capsules .
The species has chromosome number 2n = 46.
Occurrence
The round-leaved wintergreen prefers shady and partially shaded deciduous and coniferous forests or bushes . It grows on acidic, base-rich soils. It is a weak Piceetalia-order character in Central Europe, but also occurs in societies of the associations Erico-Pinion, Quercion roboris-petraeae or the sub-association Luzulo-Fagenion.
In the Allgäu Alps, the stone mountain in Bavaria rises up to 1650 m above sea level.
Root fungus
The roots of Pyrola rotundifolia , like those of the other wintergreens, are densely covered with hyphae of fungi . These fungal hyphae also spin around the cortex cells of the plant, penetrate them and are digested there. This represents an intermediate form between endotrophic and ectotrophic mycorrhiza . The round-leaved wintergreen supplies itself with additional water, minerals and proteins and supplies the fungus with it. a. Carbohydrates . The presence of the fungus is also required for the seeds to germinate.
Subspecies
One can distinguish the following subspecies:
- Dune wintergreen ( Pyrola rotundifolia subsp. Maritima (Kenyon) EF Warblers. )
- Pyrola rotundifolia subsp. rotundifolia
Common names
In German, round-leaved wintergreen is also called large wintergreen (in contrast to small wintergreen ), occasionally (incorrectly) also evergreen and (small) lily of the valley .
literature
- Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg (1994): Botanical-ecological excursion pocket book . 5th, revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer (Heidelberg, Wiesbaden). ISBN 3-494-01229-6
- Schmeil / Fitschen (1993): Flora of Germany and neighboring countries . 89th, revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer (Heidelberg, Wiesbaden). ISBN 3-494-01210-5
- Gray-Wilson, Christopher / Blamey, Marjorie / Faarlund, Torbjørn / Sunding, Per (2000): Teknologisk forlags store illustrated flora for Norge og Nord-Europa. 3rd edition, Domino Books (Jersey). ISBN 82-512-0355-4 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001. Page 727. ISBN 3-8001-3131-5
- ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , pp. 293-294.
- ↑ Round-leaved wintergreen . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- ↑ Heinrich Marzell : Dictionary of German plant names. (with the assistance of Wilhelm Wissmann and Wolfgang Pfeifer ): Volume I – V, Leipzig, Stuttgart and Wiesbaden 1943–1979, Volume III (from column 481) and IV ed. by Heinz Paul, Volume V (register volume) 1958 with Wilhelm Wissmann; New print Cologne 2000. ISBN 3-88059-982-3 ; Volume III, p. 1194 f.
Web links
- Round-leaved wintergreen. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Round-leaved wintergreen . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Pyrola rotundifolia L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved January 13, 2016.
- Distribution in the northern hemisphere according to Eric Hultén
- Thomas Meyer: Wintergrün data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )