Monotropoideae
| Monotropoideae | ||||||||||||
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Spruce asparagus ( Monotropa hypopitys ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Monotropoideae | ||||||||||||
| Arn. |
The Monotropoideae are a subfamily of the heather family (Ericaceae), in which the formerly independent families of the spruce asparagus plants (Monotropaceae) and the wintergreen plants (Pyrolaceae) are combined.
description
They are perennial herbaceous plants .
Way of life
The Tribe Monotropeae and Pterosporeae differ from the Tribe Pyroleae due to the loss of the ability to photosynthesize . While Pyroleae are self-nourishing ( autotrophic ), evergreen plants , Monotropeae and Pterosporeae have greatly reduced leaves and no longer have any leaf green ( chlorophyll ). They are extremely host-specific mykoheterotrophic plant species that parasitize on fungal hyphae . With the wintergreen clan Pyrola picta forma aphylla , which occurs in western North America, there is an ecological transition form between the two groups.
As the results of the phylogenetic analysis show, the myco-heterotrophic way of life within the Ericaceae arose twice independently of one another.
distribution
There are elements of the forest floor flora mainly of the northern hemisphere , but the area of distribution often radiates into the subtropics / tropics of the New World and Melanesia .
Systematics
The Monotropeae and Pterosporeae formerly formed the independent family of the spruce asparagus plants (Monotropaceae). Molecular genetic studies, however, have shown that the three current tribes are directly related to one another and that the spruce asparagus family was a paraphyletic taxon . The subfamily is divided into three tribes and contains about 16 genera with about 50 species.
- Tribus Monotropeae Dumort .:
- Allotropa Torr. & A.Gray
- Cheilotheca Hook. f. (Syn .: Andresia Sleumer)
- Hemitomes A. Gray (Syn .: Newberrya Torr.)
- Hypopitys Hill
- Monotropa L.
- Monotropastrum Andres (Syn .: Eremotropa Andres, Monotropanthum Andres)
- Monotropsis pig. ex Elliott (Syn .: Schweinitzia Elliott ex Nutt.)
- Pityopus Small
- Pleuricospora A. Gray
- Tribe Pterosporeae Baillon: It contains two monotypical genera:
- Pterospora Nutt.
- Sarcodes Torr.
- Tribus Pyroleae Dumort .: It contains four genera:
- Winterlieb ( Chimaphila Pursh)
- Moneses Salisb. ex Gray
- Pear green ( Orthilia Raf., Syn .: Ramischia Opiz ex Garcke)
- Wintergreen ( Pyrola L.)
proof
- PF Stevens et al .: Ericaceae. In: Klaus Kubitzki (Ed.): The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants - Volume VI - Flowering Plants - Dicotyledons - Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales, Ericales , 2004, ISBN 978-3-540-06512-8 , pp. 166-169.
- Ericaceae homepage from Kathleen A. Kron.
Individual evidence
Most of the information in this article has been taken from the sources given under references; the following sources are also cited:
- ↑ Kathleen A. Kron et al .: A phylogenetic classification of Ericaceae: Molecular and morphological evidence. In: Botanical Review , Volume 68, 2002, pp. 335-423.
- ↑ Kathleen A. Kron, Shelley L. Johnson: Phylogenetic analysis of the monotropoids and pyroloids (Ericaceae) using nrITS and 18S sequence data. In: Am. J. Bot. , Volume 84, Issue 6, 1997, Supplement, pp. 205-206.
- ^ PF Stevens et al .: Ericaceae. In: Klaus Kubitzki (Ed.): The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants - Volume VI - Flowering Plants - Dicotyledons - Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales, Ericales , 2004, ISBN 978-3-540-06512-8 , pp. 166-169.
- ↑ Monotropoideae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
