Round mountain
| Round mountain | ||
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 In Bad Urach seen from North-East |
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| height | 711.2 m above sea level NHN | |
| location | Baden-Wuerttemberg , Germany | |
| Mountains | Swabian Alb | |
| Coordinates | 48 ° 29 '23 " N , 9 ° 21' 54" E | |
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The Runde Berg near Bad Urach is an oval mountain ( 711.2 m above sea level ) on the eaves of the Swabian Alb , which rises about 250 m above the valley and is connected to the Alb plateau via a narrow saddle. On the approximately 0.45 hectare plateau there were several prehistoric and early historical hill settlements, in particular the castle of a small Alemannic king in the 4th and 5th centuries (see Alamann hill settlement ). In 1932, numerous finds from the Round Mountain were discovered, and from 1967 to 1984 extensive excavations were carried out all over the mountain and on a terrace on the slope.
Settlement history
Prehistoric settlement
The oldest finds from the Round Mountain belong to the Early to Middle Bronze Age , i.e. to the time around 1600 BC. At the end of the Middle Bronze Age, around 1300 BC. BC, the settlement was abandoned again, but from around 1100 to 750 BC. Chr. Repopulated. Some important finds have already been preserved from this second settlement phase. After a 200-year pause in settlement, the Runde Berg was rebuilt around 550 BC at the same time as many of the Hallstatt dynasty seats (including Marienberg near Würzburg , Mont Lassois , Hohenasperg , Heuneburg ). Settled and at the same time as the princely seats around 400 BC. Chr. Destroyed. Finally, some finds testify to a late Latène Age settlement from the 2nd and 1st centuries BC. Chr.
Early medieval settlement
Soon after the end of the Roman Limes , the first Alemanni settled on the Round Mountain. At that time an Alemannic regulus , a petty king, may have had his seat on Round Mountain. The plateau was then secured with a 220 m long wood-earth wall. Not only did a king and his retinue live in such a seat, but numerous craftsmen such as B. Gold and bronze smiths and leg carvers. At the beginning of the 5th century, the entire settlement and fortifications were torn down and new buildings were erected. Already around the year 500 the royal seat on the Round Mountain fell victim to a destruction, obviously in connection with the victories of Clovis I over the Alamanns 496 and 507 and the East Gothic exile of the Alamannic upper class.
In the 7th and 8th century a Frankish nobleman on the laps Berg had his seat. A three-nave in post construction and measuring 20 x 9 meters is as Palas interpreted. From the jewelry, disc brooches and spindle whorls found in it, it is concluded that the buildings surrounding the palas were kemenaten . In addition, traces of handicraft businesses were found, such as weaving shops, a forge, a mill and a kitchen. Numerous spores found indicate that the crew was strong and armed with cavalry. This fortification was destroyed around 750 in connection with the Cannstatt Blood Court .
A good century later a castle was built on the Round Mountain. It was protected by a stone wall on the slope edge and at least three rectangular towers. Inside there were several buildings comfortably furnished with tiled stoves and glass windows. In the first half of the 11th century the Runde Berg was finally abandoned. It is not certain whether the neighboring Hohenurach Castle is a direct successor.
exploration
The exploration of the round mountain goes back to Helmut Burkert , who carried out private excavations on the round mountain since 1948 with the permission of the city of Urach and the mayor Gerstenmaier and his research results in over 100 issues of the monthly Der Albtrauf - monthly sheets published by him from 1958 to 1966 for culture and local history, archive sheet for the city of Urach published.
In the Albtrauf , Burkert u. a. the problem of "castle and rule" as well as the question of fortifications from the Migration Period and the Merovingian Period for discussion. From 1966 the excavations were continued by the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences under Vladimir Milojčić and Rainer Christlein with the help of Burkert and published in a multi-volume series of publications.
literature
- Landesdenkmalamt Baden-Württemberg (ed.): The round mountain near Urach. 1st edition. Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 1991 (Guide to Archaeological Monuments in Baden-Württemberg, Volume 14), ISBN 3-8062-0887-5
Individual evidence
- ↑ Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
- ↑ Casimir Bumiller: History of the Swabian Alb. From the ice age to the present . Casimir Katz Verlag, Gernsbach 2008, ISBN 978-3-938047-41-5 . , P. 40